वेदों की प्राचीनता एवं काल-निर्णय / ओरायन (लोकमान्य बाल गंगाधर तिलक - खगोलीय वैदिक शोध)

244 THE ARCTIC HOME IN THE VEDAS.
upon the lives and fortunes of the beholders.'"* For this rea-
son Prof. Kuhn thinks that these meteorological phenomena are
the principal ground-work of all Indo-European mythologies
and superstitions; and in accordance with this creed Prof.
Roth explains Saraṇyu as the dark storm-cloud soaring in the
space in the beginning of all things and takes Vivasvat as
representing the light of heavens.
The third theory, like the first, is solar in origin, and at-
tempts to explain certain Vedic myths on the supposition that
they represent the triumph of spring over snow and winter.
Yâska and other Indian Nairuktas lived in regions where the
contrast between spring and winter was not so marked as in the
countries still further north; and it was probably for this reason
that the Vernal theory was not put forward by them to explain
the Vedic myths. Prof. Max Muller has tried to explain most of
the exploits of the Ashvins by this theory.† If the Ashvins re-
stored Chyavâna to youth, if they protected Atri from the heat
and darkness, if they rescued Vandana from a pit where he was
buried alive, or if they replaced the leg of Vishpalâ, which she
had lost in battle, or restored to Ṛijrâshva his eye sight, it was
simply the Sun-god restored to his former glory after the decay
of his powers in winter. In short the birth of the vernal Sun, his
fight against the army of winter, and his final victory at the
beginning of the spring is, on this theory, the true key to the
explanation of many myths where the Sun-god is represented
as dying, decaying or undergoing some other affliction. As
contrasted with the Dawn theory the physical phenomena, here
referred to, are annual. But both are solar theories, and as
such may be contrasted with the Storm theory which is
meteorological in origin.

• See Max Muller's Lectures on the Science of Language Vol. II,
  p. 566.
  † See Contributions to the Science of Mythology, Vol. II,
  pp. 579-605