वेदों की प्राचीनता एवं काल-निर्णय / ओरायन (लोकमान्य बाल गंगाधर तिलक - खगोलीय वैदिक शोध)

136 THE ARCTIC HOME IN THE VEDAS
and Ahani. The general description “dark, bright and of various
lengths” would have been quite sufficient to denote all the days
and nights of the year. Therefore, if the distinction between
Ushāsā-naktā and Ahanī, made in IV, 55, 3, is not to be ignored,
we must find out an explanation of this distinction; and looking
to the character of days and nights at different places on the
surface of the earth from the Pole to the Equator, the only
possible explanation that can be suggested is that the year spoken
of in these passages was a circum-Polar year, made up of one
long day and one long night, forming one pair, and a number of
ordinary days and nights of various lengths, which, taking a
single day and night as the type, can be described as the second
couple, “bright, dark and of varying lengths.” There is no other
place on the surface of the earth where the description holds
good. At the Equator, we have only equal days and nights
throughout the year, and they can be represented by a single
couple “dark and bright, but always of the same length.” In
fact, instead of virūpe the pair would be sarūpe. Between the
Equator and the Arctic Circle, a day and night together never
exceed twenty-four hours, though there may be a day of 23
hours, and a night of one hour and vice versa, as we approach
the Arctic Circle. In this case, the days of the year will have
to be represented by a typical couple, “dark and bright, but of
various lengths, virūpe.” But as soon as we cross the Arctic
Circle and go into “The Land of the Long Night,” the above
description requires to be amended by adding to the first couple,
another couple of the long day and the long night, the lengths of
which would vary according to latitude. This second couple of
the long day and the long night, which match each other, will
have also to be designated as virūpe, with this difference, how-
ever, that while the length of days and nights in the temperate