नाट्यशास्त्रम् (प्रथम भाग - अभिनवभारती एवं हिन्दी टीका सहित)

326 THE NĀṬYAŚĀSTRA [ XVIII. 19-

19. Āścarya will be acchariya and niścaya nicchaya, utsāha ucchāha and pathya, paccha.¹

20. Tubhyam becomes tujjhaṃ, mahyam majjhaṃ, vindhya viṃjha, daṣṭa daṭṭha and hasta hattha.

21. Grīṣma becomes gimha, ślakṣṇa saṇha, uṣṇa uṇha¹; jakṣa jakkha, paryaṅka pallaṃka.

22. There is metathesis in the group hma occurring in words such as brahman etc., and in bṛhaspati [the group spa] becomes pha, yajña becomes jaṇṇa, bhīṣma bhimha.

23. Ka and similar other letters (sound) while on the top of another letter (sound) will have to be disjointed in their pronunciation¹.

24. Thus are to be learnt the pronunciation of Prakrit and Sanskrit. I shall discuss hereafter the classification of regional languages (deśa-bhāṣā).

25. The [languages] to be used in drama are of four types in which Recitation should be either of the refined (saṃskṛta) or of the vulgar (prākṛta) kind.

Four types of languages

26. The Super-human Language (atibhāṣā), the Noble Language (ārya-bhāṣā)¹ the Common Language (jāti-bhāṣā) and the Language of Other Animals (yonyantarī bhāṣā)² are the [four] languages occurring in plays.

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19 (C.18b-19a; B.XVII.20a-21a). ¹ B. reads one additional hemistich between 19a and 19b.
20 (C.19b-20a; B.XVII.21b-22a).
21 (C.20b-21a; B.XVII.22b-23a). ¹ C. reads kṛṣṇaḥ kaṇhaḥ.
22 (C.21b-22a; B.XVII.23b-24a).
23 (C.22b-23a; B.XVI.24b-25a). ¹ This probably relates to svara-bhakti (anaptyxis). Kilesa (kleśa), radana (ratna) and duvāra (dvāra) may be examples of this.
24 (C.23b-24a; B.XVII.25b-26a). ¹ Cf. Nitti-Dolci. p.78.
25 (C.24b-25a; B.XVII.26b-27a).
26 (C.25b-26a; B.XVII.27b-28a). ¹ Some commentators think that āryabhāṣā means a language in which Vedic words preponderate (Ag.).
² ·C. reads jātyantarī and yonyantarī.