काव्यप्रकाश (आचार्य मम्मट - सम्पूर्ण १० उल्लास सटीक)

26 KĀVYAPRAKĀŚA
क्वचित् तादर्थ्यादुपचारः । यथा इन्द्रार्था स्थूणा इन्द्रः ।
क्वचित् स्वस्वामिभावात् । यथा राजकीयः पुरुषो राजा । क्वचित्
अवयवावयविभावात् । यथा अग्रहस्त इत्यत्राग्रमात्रेवयवे हस्तः ।
क्वचित् तात्कर्म्यात् । यथा अतक्षा तक्षा ॥
Now here, in the case of the two kinds of 'qualita-
tive' Indication, the purpose served [(a) in the case of
the 'superimponent' variety, e. g., 'the ploughman is an
ox'] is the bringing about of the cognition of similarity
between the two things recognised as different from one
another,—and [(b) in the case of the 'introsusceptive'
variety, e. g., 'he is verily an ox'] it is the bringing about
of the notion of absolute identity between the two things.
In the case of the two kinds of 'pure' Indication [e g.,
(I) 'Butter is longevity' and (b) 'It is longevity itself'],
on the other hand, the purpose served is the bringing about
of the notion that the thing spoken of is one that accom-
plishes a certain object in a way better than anything else
[in the case of (a)] or infallibly [in the case of (b)] .
In some cases the Indication is based upon the rela-
tion of 'subserviency;' e.g., the pillar that subserves the
purpose of (the worship of) Indra is called 'indra';—
sometimes it is based upon the relationship of 'master
and servant'; e. g. when the king's servant is spoken as
the 'king';—in some cases it is based upon the relation-
ship of 'whole and part'; e. g. in the expression 'agra-
hastaḥ' ('foremost hand') as applied to any and every
foremost limb, this latter is indicated by the word 'hand';—
in other cases again it is based upon the relationship of
'doing the same work'; e. g., when one who is not a
carpenter is spoken of as 'carpenter' (on account of his
doing the carpenter's work).