काव्यालङ्कार (आचार्य भामह - भारतीय काव्यशास्त्र एवं अलङ्कार-सिद्धान्त मूल महाग्रन्थ सटीक)

124 BHĀMAHĀLAṄKĀRA
a quality or action which does not belong to itself
is Utprekshā.
91. This defines Utprekshā. In it the attri-
bute common to Upamāna and Upameya is not ex-
pressly mentioned. But there is an element of
simile. The quality or action not belonging to the
Upameya is ascribed to it and there is an element
of exaggeration. Later rhetoricians define Utpre-
kshā as meaning poetic fancy. The Upameya is
poetically fancied as Upamāna itself. Kuvalayā-
nanda defines thus :—अन्यधर्मसंबन्धनिमित्तेन अन्यस्य अन्यतादात्म्य-
संभावनं उत्प्रेक्षा. The example there given is धूमस्तोमं तमः
शङ्के कोकीविरहशुष्मणाम्. Certain expressions are considered
indicative of Utprekshā. मन्ये शङ्के ध्रुवं प्रायो नूनमित्येवमादयः ।
उत्प्रेक्षाव्यञ्जकाः शब्दा इवशब्दोऽपि तादृशः ॥
In Utprekshā an object is poetically conceived
of as identical with a different thing. The essential
requisite of Utprekshā is संभावना which means उत्कटैक-
तरकोटिकसंशयः. The real character is not totally lost
sight of, but at the same time it is made the sub-
ject of a doubt with special leaning towards one of
the alternatives. 1-In भ्रान्तिमदलंकार not mentioned by
our author, the identity of the relevant object is
completely mistaken. 2-In ससंदेहालंकार (III—43) the
two alternatives of a doubt are of equal weight.
In अपह्नुति (III—21) the real character of the rele-
vant object is expressly negatived. 4 In अतिशयोक्ति
(II-81) the fictitious assumption is absolutely taken