कामिक आगम: पूर्व भाग (अष्टाविंशति मूल शैव आगमों का प्रथम एवं सर्वोच्च आगम महाकोश)

In an edifice dedicated to a God, the height of the door may be one out of nine parts, one out
of eight parts or one out of seven parts of the total height of the pillar. The width of the door
should be half of its height.
नालीगेहं त्रिभागैकं अर्धं वा नवपञ्चभाक् ।
पञ्चत्रिंशद्‍भवेत्तुङ्गं इदं वैशेषिकं भवेत् ।। १६
na'li'geham tribha'gaikam ardham va' navapan"cabha'k।
pan"catrims'adbhavet tun'gam idam va's'es"ikam bahvet॥ 16
In the case of inner chamber, if the height of the pillar is divided into 25 equal parts, the
height of the door may be one third, half or 5 parts out of 9 parts. Such dimension is considered
to be of special category.
विस्तारः प्राग्वदुद्दिष्टस्त्वथवा तत्प्रकीर्त्यते ।
त्रिवितस्ति विशालं स्याद्दैर्घ्यं सप्तवितस्तिकम् ।। १७
विस्तारायामतस्तस्मात्षड् द्वादशकराग्रकैः ।
वृद्ध्या त्रिपञ्चमानादि षड्वितस्त्यन्तकानि हि ।। १८
पञ्चविंशतिमानानि द्वारतारोदयानि हि ।
तदाद्यं शयनीयस्य गृहस्य द्वादशैव हि ।। १९
vista'rah pra'gvaduttis"t'as tvathava' tatpraki'rtyate।
trivitasti vis'a'lam sya'd dairghyam sapta vitastikam॥ 17
vista'ra'yamatastasma't s"ad dva'das'a kara'grakaih।
vr'ddhya' tripan"cama'na'di s"advitastyantaka'ni hi॥ 18
pan"cavims'ati ma'na'ni dva'rata'rodaya'ni hi।
tada'tyam s'ayani'yasya gr'hasya dva'das'aiva hi॥ 19
The width may be taken as explained before. Or, another method of arriving at the width is also
now told. Width is to be held as 3 vitasti(1vitasti = angulas) and length to be held as 7 vitasti. In an
increased way, width may be 6 vitasti and the length 12 vitasti. Again, this may be increased
by 3, 5 and 6 vitastis. There are 25 kinds of measures for the legth and the height of the door.
Measures mentioned first are applicable to the recumbent type of forms. For the houses
12 kinds of measures are available.

समावृतखलूरीणां तान्येवोक्तानि पण्डिताः ।
नगरग्रामदुर्गाणां शेषाण्युक्तानि वेश्मनाम् ।। २०
विस्तारो द्विगुणोत्सेधष्षण्मात्रं अधिकं भवेत् ।
नवमात्राधिकं वापि सर्वेषां समुदीरितम् ।। २१
सषण्मात्रं द्वितालं च सत्रिमात्रं द्वितालकम् ।
द्वितालं क्षुद्रमानं तु सार्धतालं तु योजयेत् ।। २२
sama'vr'ta khalu'ri'n.a'm ta'nyevokta'ni pan.d'ita'h /
nagara gra'ma durga'n.a'm s'es"a'n.yukta'ni ves'mana'm // 20
vista'ro dvigun.otsedhas"s"an.ma'tram adhikam bhavet /
navama'tra'dhikam va'pi sarves"a'm samudi'ritam // 21
sas"an.ma'tram dvita'lam ca satrima'tram dvita'lakam /
dvita'lam ks"udrama'nam tu sa'rdhata'lam tu yojayet // 22
O, the sages well-versed in the scriptures!, even for the annexes surrounding a house, the
measures for the width, height and the length are to be held in the same way. For the buildings
raised in the nagara, grama, durga and other locations, the height should be twice the width.
Under some circumstances, the height may be increased by 6 sub-units(matras). Or, for all
the buildings, the height may be in excess of 9 sub-units. 2 vitasti added with 6 matras, 3
vitasti added with 3 matras could be taken for the increased mode. For the smaller heights,
2 vitasti or one and half vitasti may be added.
स्वव्यासाद् द्विगुणोत्सेधात्षण्मात्रं वा त्रिमात्रकम् ।
न्यूनं तु शुभदं वारं विप्रादीनां गृहं मतम् ।। २३
svavya'sa'd dvigun.otsedha't s"an.ma'tram va' trima'trakam /
nyu'nam ti s'ubhadam va'ram vipra'di'na'm gr'ham matam // 23
The height which is twice the width may be held to be less than 6 sub-units for the houses
belonging to the brahmins and others. Such modified height for the door will yield auspicious
benefits.

स्तम्भायामेऽष्टभागे तु षडर्धं द्वारदैर्घ्यकम् ।
तदर्धे नवभागे तु सार्धाष्टांशात्समुन्नतिः ।। २४
stambha'ya'me as"t'abha'gam tu s"ad'ardham dva'ra dairghyakam /
tadardhe navabha'ge tu sa'rdha's"t'a'ms'a't samunnatih // 24
If the height of the pillar is held to be of 8 parts, the length of the door should be of 3 parts. If
it is held to be of 9 parts, the length of the door should be 4 parts and the height of the door should
be eight and a half parts.
त्रिव्यास द्विगुणोतुङ्गं नेष्टं वारं नृणां गृहे ।
पादोत्तुङ्गवशाद्द्द्रूमौ भूमावेवं विधीयताम् ।। २५
trivya'sa dvigun.ttun'gam nes"t'am va'ram nr'n.a'm gr'he /
pa'dottun'gavas'a'd bhu'mau bhu'mavevam vidhi'yata'm // 25
For the houses fit for the humans, the height of the door should not be thrice or twice the
width of the door. The dimensions of the upper storeys are to be decided based on the height
of the ground pillars. In this way, the rules for the construction of the upper floors are laid down.
उक्तोत्सेध त्रिपञ्चैकं अङ्गुलेनाधिकं तु वा ।
विपुलेऽपि तथैवं स्यात्सप्तसप्ताष्टांशकैस्तु वा ।। २६
uktosedha tripan"caikam an'gulena'dhikam tu va' /
vipulo api tathaivam sya't sapta's"t'a'ms'akaistu va' // 26
The height of the door ascertained in the manner explained above may exceed by one out of
three or five parts of an angula. Even the width may be in excess of such units or of 6, 7 or
8 parts of an angula.
द्वारस्योभयपार्श्वे तु मण्डितस्तम्भयुग्मकम् ।
भूषणं तु बहिः कार्यं सर्वेषामपि सद्मनाम् ।। २७

dva'rasyobhaya pa'rs've tu man.d'itastambha yugmakam /
bhu's'an.am tu bahih ka'ryam sarves"a'm api sadmana'm // 27
On both sides of the door, two pillars associated with the elements of ornamentation
should be provided. For all types of buildings, recommended ornamentations should be
designed in the exteriors.
मानं लब्धोदयं यत्स्याद्भक्त्वा मात्रैर्विशेषतः।
परिहृत्याङ्गुलच्छेदमायाद्यं परिकल्पयेत् ।। २८
ma'nam labhdhodayam yatsya'd bhaktva' ma'tair vis'es"atah /
parihr'tya'n'gulecchedam a'ya'dyam parikalpayet // 28
Dividing the obtained height by the obtained basic units and leaving out the fractions of angulas,
the architect should calculate aya, vyaya and other factors .
अष्टनन्दाग्निभिश्चैव वसुनन्द चतुष्टयैः ।
गुणत्वरविदिङ्मूर्ति ऋक्षसप्तनवांशकैः ।। २९
हृतमायं व्ययं चैव यो विस्तारस्तु वारकः ।
अंशकाश्चावशिष्टास्तु कल्पनीयास्तु देशिकैः ।। ३०
as't'ananda'gnibhis'caiva vasunanda catus't'ayaih /
gun.atvaravidin'mu'rti r'ks'asapta nava'ms'akaih // 29
hr'tama'nam vyayam caiva yo vista'rastu va'rakah /
ams'aka's'ca'vas'is't'a'stu kalpani'ya'stu des'ikaih // 30
The obtained number(for the height) should be multiplied by 8, 9, 3, 8, 9, and 4 and divided by
3, 12, 8, 27, 7 and 9 respectively to know the value of aya, vyaya and other factors. The measure
obtained for the width should be taken as the measure of the door also. The remaining parts
should be converted into sub-units.
वास्तुनः पार्श्वयोर्मध्ये स्तम्भास्संख्यङ् निधापयेत्।
कभित्ति विस्तृतार्थं तु त्यक्त्वा तत्पार्श्वयोर्द्वयोः ।। ३१

मुख्यद्वारं तु तद्वामे कम्पद्वारं तदन्यके ।
कम्पद्वारं च मध्ये तु योगार्थं बहुलान्वितम् ।। ३२
कम्पं समान्तरं कुर्याद्यथाशोभनमथापि वा ।
मूलवास्तु त्रिपार्श्वेषु कम्पद्वारं यथोचितम् ।। ३३
va'stunah pa'rs'vayormadhye stambha'ssamyan' nidha'payet।
kabhitti vistr'ta'rtham tu tyaktva'tatpa'rs'vayor dvayoh // 31
mukhyadva'ram tu tadva'me kampadva'ram tadanyake।
kampadva'ram ca madhye tu yoga'rtham bahula'nvitam // 32
kampam sama'ntaram kurya'd yatha' s'obhanam atha'pi va'।
mu'lava'stu tripa'rs'ves"u kampadva'ram yathocitam // 33
In the sides of the main buildings and in the middle, the architect should construct the pillars
according to the positions fixed for them. Required space should be left out for the width of the
partition wall. On the left side of this, there should be main door. And on its other side there
should be kampa dvara( door, whose hinges are fixed in the pillars). In the middle of the kampa
dvara a bahula(projection) should be provided for joining the doors. The pillars should be evenly
spaced or they may be designed so as to be elegant and pleasing. On the three sides of the main
building, kampa dvaras may be provided according to the needs.
कम्पद्वारं समुद्दिश्य भित्यन्तस्तस्तम्भ संयुतम् ।
न त्येजेद्यदि तत्स्वामी मरणाय भविष्यति ।। ३४
kampadva'ram samuddis'ya bhittyantasstambha samyutam।
na tyajedyaditatsva'mi' maran.a'ya bhavis"yati // 34
In view of the provision of kampa dvaras, the wall should be provided with interior pillars.
This rule should not be violated. If violated, that would lead to the unexpected demise of
the owner.
सपादपादविस्तारस्सार्धो वा योगविस्तरः ।
स्तम्भव्याससमो वापि तदर्धं बहुलं मतम् ।। ३५

sapa'dapa'da vista'ras sa'rdho va' yogavistarah /
stambha vya'sa samo va'pi tadardham bahulam matam //          35
The width of the door jamb may be one, one and one fourth or one and a half module. Or it
may be equal to the width of the pillar. The width of the bahula should be half of this measure.
त्रिपादं वोत्तराधस्तात्प्रतीकं तत्स्ववाजनम्।
द्वारोदयोय शेषं तु त्रिधा वा पञ्चधा कृते।।          ३६
एकांशं वा द्व्यंशकं स्यादधोभूषणमूर्ध्वतः।
शेषेण भूषणं कुर्याच्छुद्धद्वारं तु मध्यमम्।।          ३७
tripa'dam vottara'dhasta't prati'kam tatsvava'janam /
dva'rodaya'ya s'es"am tu tridha va' pan"cadha' kr'te //          36
eka'ms'am va' dvyams'akam sya'dadhobhu's"an.am u'rdhvatah /
s'es"en.a bhu's"an.am kurya'c chuddhadva'ram tu madhyamam // 37
Below the upper beam, crescent moulding and fillet should be in three fourth of a module. The
remaining portion should be taken for the height of the door. If this is divided into 3 or 5 parts,
embellishments of the lower potion should be in 1 or 2 parts. The remaining upper portion should
be taken for the needed decorative elements. A single door should be in the middle.
अष्टमङ्गलयोक्त्योर्ध्वे लताद्याः परितो मताः।
त्रिचतुःपञ्चषट्भाग भागेन स्तम्भ वैपुले।।          ३८
कवाट बहुलं प्रोक्तं दण्डार्धं वा घनं भवेत्।
अयुग्म फलका ग्राह्या मध्यसन्धि विवर्जिता।।          ३९
तल्पस्य भूषणोर्ध्वे वा बाह्ये वा परिकीर्तिता।
मध्यं त्यक्त्वा प्रयोक्तव्या यथाबल समन्विता।।          ४०

as"t'aman'galayokasyordhve lata'dya' parito mata'h /
tricatuh pan"cas"at'bha'ga bha'gena stambha vaipule // 38
kava't'a bahulam proktam dan.da'rdham va' ghanam bhavet /
ayugma phalaka' gra'hya' madhyasandhi vivarjita' // 39
talpasya bhu's"an.ordhve va' ba'hye va' pariki'rtita' /
madhyam tyaktva' prayoktavya' yatha' bala samanvita' // 40
Above the portion in which eight auspicious mouldings are provided, decorative designs such as
creepers and others should be provided. The bahula of the door should be of 3, 4, 5 or 6 parts of
the the width of the free pillar and its thickness should be of half a module. The slabs should be
in odd number and they should be free from joints in the middle. They should be fixed above the
embellished portion of the turret or upper storey. Or they may be fixed outside. They should be
placed leaving the middle part so as to derive the needed strength.
अस्य तल्पघनस्यार्ध घनद्विगुण विस्तरा।
दण्डास्त्रिपञ्चसप्तैव नवैकादशसंख्यया।। ४१
अश्वस्कन्ध खुराभा वाश्वत्थपत्रसमा अपि।
asya talpa ghanasya'rdha ghana dvigun.a vistara' /
dan.d'a'stripan"casaptaiva navika'das'a samkhyaya' // 41
as'vagandha khura'bha' va's'vatthapatra sama' api /
The thickness of the slabs should be half the thickness of the turret. Its width should be twice its
thickness. They should be placed in such a way that they look like the horse-neck, horse –hoof
or like the leaf of the holy fig tree.
युग्मे महति तल्पे च दक्षिणस्थे कवाटके।। ४२
विस्तारे त्वायतौ चैव त्र्यंशपञ्चंशके कृते।
उपरिष्टात्त्रयांशं तु त्यक्त्वाधोंऽशं द्विपाश्र्वयोः।। ४३
तेषां मध्ये तु यद्द्वारं मणिद्वारमिहोच्यते।

yugme mahat talpe ca daks"in.asthe kava't'ake // 42
vista're tva'yatau caiva tryams'a pan"ca'ms'aka kr'te /
uparis"t'a't trya'ms'am tu tyaktva'dhoms'am dvipa'rsvayoh // 43
tes"a'm madhye tu yaddva'ram man.idva'ram ihocyate /
In the storey where there are two turrets, the door should be on the one which is on the right
side. If the width and the length are divided into 3 parts and 5 parts, the architect should leave
out 3 parts of the upper portion and he should fix the door in the remaining lower portion, in
the middle, leaving one part on each side. Such door is called ‘mani dvara’.
यथाबलं यथाशोभमयः पट्टैर्दृडीकृते ।। ४४
श्रीमुख्यैर्वामदण्डैश्च क्षेपणैस्सन्धिपत्रकैः ।
अर्धचन्द्रैस्तथा शृङ्गैः पुष्पैर्नानाविधैरपि ।। ४५
योगसम्बन्धकीलैश्च देवताद्यैरलङ्कृतम् ।
ऊर्ध्वाधशिखराश्लिष्ट मूलबन्धाग्रबन्धनम् ।। ४६
गुल्पे ललाटसन्धौ च पट्टैर्हेमादि निर्मितैः ।
बध्नीयात्सर्वदेशे वा यथाशोभं यथाबलम् ।। ४७
एवमेवं विधेयं स्यात्तथा भुवि विशिष्यते ।
yatha'balam yatha' s'obha mayah pat'taih dr'd'i'kr'te // 44
s'ri'mukhyair va'madan.d'ais'ca ks"epan.ais sandhipatrakaih /
ardhacandrais tatha' s'r'n'gaih pus"pairna'na'vidhairapi // 45
yogasambhanda ki'lais'ca daivata'dyairalan'kr'tam /
u'rdhva'dhas's'ikhara's'lis"t'a mu'labandha'gra bandhanam // 46
gulpe lala'tasandhau ca pat'tair hema'di nirmitaih /
badhni'ya't sarvades'e va' yatha' s'obham yatha'balam // 47
evam evam vidheyam sya't tatha' bhuvi vis'is"yate /

It should be strengthened by metal slabs in such a way that it presents an elegant and pleasing
look. It should be embellished with srimukha, thin staffs, carona, sandhi patraka, mouldings
in the shape of half-moon, cliffs, various kinds of flowers, bolts, divine forms and such others.
The upper and lower portions should be associated with cliffs, mula bandha and agra bandha.
In the sarvadesika type of building, the neck, fore-head and shoulder parts of the pillars should
be covered with sheets made of gold or other metals. The covering should be done in such a way
that it gives beauty and strength. Thus, the rules for the provision of ornamental structures have
been explained. Such embellished consrtuctions are highly appreciated in this world.
। इति कामिकाख्ये महातन्त्रे प्रासादभूषणविधिः पञ्चपञ्चाशत्तमः पटलः ।
। iti ka'mika'khye mahatantre pra'sa'dabhu's"an.avidhih pan"capan"ca's'attamah pat'alah ।
This is the 55ʰ chapter on “Directions for the Embellishments of the Buildings” in the
Great Tantra called Kamika

५६ कण्ठलक्षण विधिः
56 KAN.T'HA LAKS"AN.A VIDHIH
56 The features of the neck part of the pillars
कण्ठस्य लक्षणं वक्ष्ये समासाच्छृणुत द्विजाः ।
तन्मूले वेदिका कार्या कण्ठोत्सेधात्रिभागतः ।। १
kan.t'hasya laks"an.am vaks"ye sama'sa'cchr'n.uta dvija'h/
tanmu'le vedika' ka'rya' kan.t'hotsedha't tribhagatah// 1
Then I will tell you briefly the features of the neck part. O, the twice-born sages!, listen
to these. On the basement of the neck part, the pedestal should be provided. Its height should
be one part out of three parts of the height of the neck.
गर्भभित्तित्रिभागैकं अङ्घ्रेर्वेद्यङ्घ्रि वेशनम् ।
चतुष्पञ्चषडंशे तु समावेशाधिवेदिका ।। २
garbhabhitti tribha'gaikam an'ghrervedyan'ghri ves'anam/
catus"pan:ca s"ad'ams'e tu sama'ves'a'dhivedika'// 2
The height of the short pillars below the pedestal should be one third of the height of the wall
of the main shrine. The bottom part of the pedestal should be well settled between the short
pillars. On the upper surface of the pedestal, there should be a recess in the measure of 4, 5
or 6 parts of the total height of the pedestal.
ग्रीवावेशस्ततस्तावत्सप्ताष्टांशो तथैव च ।
समं वाध्यर्धकं वापि द्विगुणं त्रिगुणं तु वा ।। ३
वेदिकोत्सेधमानेन ग्रीवोच्चं परिकल्पयेत् ।

gri’va’ves’astatas ta’vat sapta’s”t’a’mse tathiva ca।
samam va’dhyardhakam va’pi dvigun.am trigun.am tu va’॥ 3
vedikotsedha ma’nena gri’voccam parikalpayet।
The recess of the neck part should extend up to the same measure. The height of the neck should
be ascertained based on the height of the pedestal. The height of the neck should be 7 or 8 parts
of the height of the pedestal, or equal to , or one and a half , twice or thrice of this height.
उत्तरं वाजनं चैव मुष्टिबन्धं मृणालिकम् ।। ४
दण्डिका वलयं चैव गलभूषणमिष्यते ।
दण्डिकान्तं गलं प्रोक्तं तदूर्ध्वे शिखरं भवेत् ।। ५
uttaram va’janam caiva mus”t’bandham mr’n.a’likam॥ 4
dan.d’ka’valayam caiva galabhu’s”an.am is”yate।
dan.d’ika’ntam galam proktam tadu’rdhve s’ikharam bhavet॥ 5
Uttara, vajana, mus”t’bandha, mr’n.a’lika’, dan.d’ika valaya – these are the ornamental members of
the neck part. The portion which extends from the uttara up to dan.d’ika’ is known as the gala(neck).
The portion above the dan.d’ika is called s’ikhara.
प्रस्तरोर्ध्वे वृषं स्थाप्य शिवधाम्नि विशेषतः।
ऊर्ध्वेन स्थापितास्ते च धाम्नोऽधस्तात्समन्ततः ।। ६
अन्तर्मण्डलदेशे तु स्थापनीयास्सपीठकाः ।
अन्येषामपि देवानां धाम्नि तद्वाहनान्यसेत् ।। ७
prastarordhve vr’s”am stha’pya s’ivadha’mni vis’es”atah।
u’rdvena stha’pita’ste ca dha’mnodhasta’t samantatah॥ 6
antarman.d’ala des’e tu stha’pani’ya’s sapi’t’haka’h।
anyes”a’m api deva’na’m dha’mni tadva’hana’n nyaset॥ 7

It is recommended specifically that in the Siva temples, the bull-vehicle should be installed
above the entablature. Those vehicles which are installed above the entablature should be
installed around the temple at the ground level also. Specifically, they should be installed
in the innermost enclosure(antar man.d'ala) as associated with the corresponding pedestals.
Even in the temples of other Deities, the vehicles of the concerned Deities should be installed
above the entablature and on the ground level.
देवीनां च तथा प्रोक्तं गलदेवांस्तु विन्यसेत्।
एकपादयुतं ब्रह्मविष्णुसंयुक्तमेव वा।। ८
ईदृग्रूपसमायुक्तं महेशं वापि विन्यसेत्।
पूर्वोक्त विधिना वापि पादवर्गेऽथवा नयेत्।। ९
devi'na'm ca tatha' proktam galadeva'mstu vinyaset/
ekapa'dayutam brahmavis"n.usamyuktam eva va'// 8
i'dr'gru'pa sama'yuktam hahes'am va'pi vinyaset/
pu'rvokta vidhina' va'pi pa'davarge athava' nyaset// 9
Similarly it is directed that even in the temple of the Goddess the concerned vehicle should be
installed. Then, the deities of the neck part are to be installed. In the Siva temple, the forms of
Mahes'vara such as the eka-pada-trimurti or such other combined forms should be installed.
Or, accoding to the directions set forth earlier, these forms may be installed in the component
parts of the pillar also.
ग्रीवायां तु चतुर्दिक्षु नासि पादांश्र्व विन्यसेत्।
तत्रैव कारयेद्वृत्तं स्फटिकं च समन्ततः।। १०
एवं कण्ठस्समाख्यातस्तदूर्ध्वे शिखरं भवेत्।। ११
gri'va'ya'm tu caturdiks"u na'si pa'da'ms'ca vinyaset/
tatraiva ka'rayed vr'ttam spat'ikam ca samantatah// 10
evam kan.t'has sama'khya'tas tadurdhve s'ikharam bahvet// 11

In all the four directions of the neck, decorative elements such as the vestibule and dwarf pillar
should be provided. Around the same level, circular mouldings and square mouldings should
be designed. Thus, the features of the neck part have been well explained. Above the level of
the neck part is the s’ikhara part.
। इति कामिकाख्ये महातन्त्रे कण्ठलक्षणविधिः षट्पञ्चाशत्तमः पटलः ।
। iti ka’mika’khye maha’tantre kan.t’halaks”an.a vidhih s”at’pan”ca’s’attamah pat’alah।
This is the 56ᵗʰ chapter on “The features of the neck of the pillar” in the Great Tantra
called Kamika

५७ शिखरलक्षण विधिः
57 S'IKHARA LAKSHAN.A VIDHIH
57 Characteristic Features of the Roof
अथ वक्ष्ये विशेषेण शिखरस्य तु लक्षणम्।
शिखरोत्सेध मानांश भागमान वशेन वा।। १
दण्डिकावधि तोरेण पञ्चांशकं द्व्यंशकं तु वा।
सप्तनन्दनशिवांशेषु त्रयोदशतिथौ तथा।। २
सप्तदशांशके बन्ध वेदपञ्च षडंशकम्।
सप्ताष्टांशं तु तारार्धमित्यष्टौ शिखरोदयाः ।। ३
atha vakshye vis'es''en.a s'ikarasya tu laks''an.am /
s'ikharotsedha ma'na'ms'a bha'gama'na vas'ena va' // 1
dan.d'ika'vadhi ta'ren.a pan''ca'ms'akam dvyams'akam tu va' /
saptananda s'iva'ms'es''u trayodas'a tithau tatha' // 2
sapta das'a'ms'ake bandha vedapan''ca s''ad'ams'akam /
sapta's''t'a'ms'am tu ta'ra'rdham ityas''t'au s'ikharodaya'h // 3
Now, I will explain the caharacteristic features of the roof of the building. The height of
thr roof may be ascertained in the manner explained eatlier. This may be ascertained so as
to be proportional to the distance between the the consoles. It may be 2 parts out of 5
parts, 3 parts out of 7 parts, 4 parts out of 9 parts, 5 parts out of 11 parts, 6 parts out of 13
parts, 7 parts out of 15 parts, 8 parts out of 17 parts or a half of that distance. These are the
eight possible heights of the roofs which have specific names corresponding to these heights.
पाञ्चालं चापि वैदेहं मागधं चापि कौरवम्।
कोशलं शौरसेनं च गान्धारं पत्रिकं तथा।। ४
यथाक्रमेण नामानि ज्ञातव्यानि विचक्षणैः।

pa'n"ca'lam ca'pi vaideham ma'gadham ca'pi kauravam /
kos'alam saurasenam ca ga'ndha'ram patrikam tatha' // 4
yatha' kramen.a na'ma'ni jn"a'tavya'ni vicaks"an.aih /
Panchala, Vaideha, Magadha, Kaurava, Kosala, Saurasena, Gandhara and Patrika – these
are the eight specific names corresponding to the eight heights. These names should be
known well by the skilled architects.
जघनादूर्ध्वमेवैते भागास्सर्वे समीरिताः ।। ५
सर्वे तु तैतिलानां स्युरर्धाधस्तात्तु मानतः ।
एकादशात्सप्तदशभागादेकांशवर्धनात् ।। ६
अवन्तिकाप्रभृत्यूर्ध्वमर्धाविष्टलुपोदयः ।
व्यामिश्रश्च कलिङ्गश्च तथा कौशिकमेव वा ।। ७
वराटं द्रामिडं चैव बर्बरं कोल्लकं पुनः ।
तथा शौण्डिकमित्येवं व्यामिश्रादि लुपोदयः ।। ८
देवानां प्रथिता ह्येते तापसाश्रमिणामपि ।
चतुरश्रं त वृत्तं च षडश्राष्टाश्रमेव च ।। ९
द्वादशं च द्विरष्टाश्रं पद्मकुङ्मल सन्निभम् ।
तथामलक पक्वाभं दीर्घवृत्तं च कोमलम् ।। १०
jaghana'du'rdhvam evaite bha'ga's sarve sami'rita'h // 5
sarve tu taitila'na'm syurardha'dhasta'ttu ma'natah /
eka'das'a'tsaptadas'a bha'ga'deka'ms'avadhana't // 6
avantika'prabhr'tyu'rdhvam ardha'vis"t'a lupodayah /
vya'mis'ras'ca kalin'gas'ca tatha' kaus'ikam eva va' // 7
vara't'am dra'mid'an caiva barbaram kollukam punah /
tatha' s'aun.d'ikam ityevam vya'mis'ra'di lupodayah // 8
deva'na'm prathita' hyete ta'pasa's'ramin.a'm api /
caturas'aram ca vr'ttam ca s"ad'as'ra's"t'a's'ram eva va' // 9
dva'das'am ca dviras"t'a's'ram padmakud'mala sannibham /
tatha'malaka pakva'bham di'rghavr'ttam ca komalam // 10

With the exception of the roof which is with the smallest height, all other types of roofs
are suitable to the Deities. With the exception of the roof whose height is equal to half the
distance between the consoles, all other types of roofs are suitable for human beings. The eight
heights for the rafter works corresponding to these roofs, the first of which is Avantika,
go from 10 to 17 parts(of the height of the selected type of roof), the increment being
one part at each time. These rafters are called by different names corresponding to these
eight heights. The names are: Vyamisra, Kalinga, Kausika, Varata, Dravida, Barbara,
Kolluka and Saundika. These roofs of the buildings intended for the Deities, monks
and mendicants living in the hermitages may be in the shape of square, circular, hexagonal,
octagonal, dodecagonal, sixteen-sided or in the shape of a lotus bud or of a myrobolan fruit
or it may be elliptical or spherical .
अष्टाद्यष्टाष्ट धाराणि हर्म्यादीनां शिरांसि च।
षडाद्य षष्टि कर्णान्तास्सम्मतं शिखराकृतेः ।। ११
as"t'a'dyas"t'a's"t'a dha'ra'n.i harmyadi'na'm s'ira'msi ca /
s"ad'a'dya s"as"at'i karn.a'nta's sammatam s'ikhara'kr'the // 11
The roofs of the palacial buildings may have at least eight sides and eight faces. Or, they may
also have from six to sixty faces.
पञ्चाद्येकदशान्ताश्च चतुराद्या दशान्तकाः।
चतुर्विधा लुपासंख्या देवे देव्या निकेतने ।। १२
पूर्वोक्त द्व्यन्तरोच्चं तु व्यामिश्रं नाम पुष्करम् ।
ऊर्ध्वस्थान्यप्यधस्थानि पुष्कराण्यर्धमानतः ।। १३
अर्धमारभ्य संवर्ध्य पश्चादुच्चार्धभाजि हि।
आरोहाण्यवरोहाणि गुह्यमेतदुदाहृतम् ।। १४
pan"a'dyeka das'a'nta's'ca catura'dya' das'a'ntaka'h /
caturvidha' lupa'san'khya' deve devya' niketane // 12
pu'rvokta dvyantaroccam tu vya'mis'ram na'ma pus"karam /
u'rdhvastha'nyapyadhastha'ni pus"kara'n.yardha ma'natah // 13
ardhama'rabhya samvardhya pas'caducca;rdha bha'ji hi /
a'roha'n.yavaroha'n.i gr'hyametatd uda'hr'tam // 14

There may be 5, 7, 9 or 11 rafters or there may be 4, 6, 8 or 10 rafters. Thus, there are
four types for the arrangement of the rafters possible for the buildings suitable for the
Deities as well as men. The interior height given above in two modes is that of Pushkara
which is also called Vyamisra. The pushkaras should be set above and below the middle
of the roof. Starting with a half of that height and increasing up to the maximum, they should
be set upward and downward. This is the secret which has now been disclosed.
दण्डिकावधि तारार्धं चतुरश्रीकृतं समम्।
कोषणीषासितसीमाख्यं सूत्रं युक्तं घनं नयेत्।। १५
dan.d'ika'vadhi ta'ra'rdham caturas'ri'kr'tam samam/
kos"n.i's"a'sita si'ma'khyam su'tram yuktam ghanam nayet// 15
A square area should be marked out, the width of which should be half of the distance
between the consoles and which should be delimited by thick lines called ka, ushnisha,
asana and sima.
दण्डिकोत्तरबाहुल्यं सूत्रवेदासनानधः।
आसने चतुरंशादि न्यसेद्विन्दु दशान्कान्।। १६
dan.d'kottara ba'hulyam su'trayeda'sana'nadhah/
a'sane caturams'a'di nyased bindu das'a'ms'akam// 16
Below the asana line, a parallel line should be drawn at a distance equal to the projection
of the consoles in relation to the arechitrave of the attic. Points should be marked on the
asana line so as to divide it into 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 parts.
कोषणीष सन्धेस्तद्विन्दु सीमान्तोच्चं समाहरेत्।
अवाक्वाथोच्च मानानि कं मूलादासनं न्यसेत्।। १७
तान्येव दण्डिकादीनां पर्यन्तानि भवन्ति हि।
कोषणीषसङ्घातपर्यन्तबिन्द्वन्तं तल्लुपायनम्।। १८
kos"n.i's"a sandhes tadbindu si'ma'ntoccam sama'haret/
ava'kva'thocca ma'na'ni kam mula'da'sanam nyaset// 17

ta'nyeva dan.d'ika'di'na'm paryanta'ni bhavanti hi /
kos"n.i's"a san'ga'tparyanta bindvantam tallupa'yanam // 18
Starting from the intersection of the ka line and the ushnisha line and passing through
these points, lines should be drawn up to the limit of the overhanging eave(which should
be marked by the parallel traced below the asana line). Next, the distances up to the eave
should be drawn on the asana line starting from the end of this line which goes up to the
base of the ka line. This provides the positions of the extremities of the consoles. The
length of the rafter should be taken as the distance between the intersection of the ka line
and the ushnisha line and the extreme point corresponding to this rafter.
तत्तत्पर्यन्त विस्तारं ससूत्रं विन्यसेत्पुनः ।
विन्यसेदासने वापि तन्मानं स्याल्लुपावधि ।। १९
tattat paryanta vista'ram kasu'tram vinyaset puynah /
vinyased a'sane va'pi tanma'nam sya'l lupa'vadhi // 19
Each of the extreme distances should then be drawn again on the ka line. Or, it may be
drawn on the asana line. This denotes the extremity of the rafter.
एतन्मध्यलुपासीम्ना वर्धते वर्णसंख्यया ।
एवमावर्त्य तत्पश्चादारोहे वावरुह्य च ।। २०
तत्तत्कोष्ठेषु संजातं तत्तन्मल्लयुतं भवेत् ।
evam madhya lupa'si'mna' vardhate varn.a samkhyaya' /
evam a'vartya tatpas'ca'd a'rohe va'varuhya ca // 20
tattat kos"t'es"u samja'tam tattan mallayutam bhavet /
Thus, the dimensions of the median rafter should be increased according to the number
of the other rafters. After this has been done, the lengths of the corresponding malla should
be ascertained by the process of increasing and decreasing. These component parts known
as mallas are obtained from the corresponding pushkaras(koshtas).

समध्यं वा विमध्यं वा लुपान्यासो द्विधा मतः ।। २१
मध्यं च मध्यकर्णं च व्याकर्णमनुकोटिकम् ।
कोटिरित्येवमुच्येत पञ्चवर्णलुपाः क्रमात् ।। २२
samadhyam va' vimadhyam va' lupa'nya'so dvidha' matah // 21
madhyam ca madhyakarn.am ca vya'karn.am anukot'ikam /
kot'irityevam ucyeta pan"cavarn.a lupa'h krama't // 22
Rafters should be arranged at the center or off the center. There are five types of rafters
which are specifically called Madhya, madhyakarna, vyakarna, anukoti and kotilupa.
तत्तत्सूत्रादधः पृष्ठवंशन्निद्राणि सूत्रयेत् ।
शयितस्थितिसूत्रान्तं कीलं तत्कूटमूर्धनि ।। २३
tattatsu'tra'dadhah pr's"t'havams'a nidra'n.i su'trayet /
s'ayitasthiti su'tra'ntam ki'lam tatku't'amu'rdhani // 23
Below the lines corresponding to these rafters, line should be drawn between the ridge
beam and the nidra(element of entablature). On the top of the newel(kuta), peg should
be set up so as to be within the horizontal lines.
निधायार्धेन्दुवत्सर्वाश्चूलिका विलिखेत्समाः ।
लुपाविलुपमध्यान्तर्गता सा चूलिकाकृतिः ।। २४
nidha'ya'rdhenduvat sarva's' cu'lika' vilikhet sama'h /
lupa'vilupa madhya'ntargata; sa; cu'lika'kr'tih // 24
All the tuft-like mouldings should be designed so as to be of uniform shape and they
should be arranged so as to look like the half- moon. These tuft-like designs should
be placed in the area between the main rafters and the sub-rafters.
एवं स्यादङ्गुकायं तु चान्यदप्येवमूह्यताम् ।
बालकूटस्य विस्तारस्थितिसूत्रस्तनान्तरः ।। २५

evam sya'd r'juka'yam tu ca'nyadapyevam u'hyata'm /
ba'laku't'asya vista'rasthitisu'tra stana'ntarah // 25
The setting of the pegs in this way is known as ‘rujukaya’. Other types of arranging the
pegs should be construed in this way. The width of the small newel(kuta) should be
within the two edges of the horizontal line.
लुपातारस्तु दण्डो वा सपादस्सार्ध एव वा ।
यथाभिमत मानो वा विस्ताराद्बहुलादपि ।। २६
lupa'ta'rastu dan.d'o va' sapa'das sa'rdha eva va' /
yatha'bhimata ma'no va' vista'ra'd bahula'dapi // 26
The width of the rafters should be one, one and a quarter or one and a half modules. Or it may
be according to the selected measure derived from the width and the length of the roof.
विस्तारस्त्रिचतुःपञ्चभागैकांशं तु तद्घनम् ।
जानुव्यासस्तूत्तरार्धं चूलिका वार्ध एव वा ।। २७
दण्डिकाविपुलं तावत्त्रिपादार्धं तु तद्घनम् ।
वलयं जानु नीव्रं च दण्डिकाविपुलार्धतः ।। २८
vista'rastricaturpan"ca bha'gaika'ms'am tu tadghanam /
ja'nuvya'sastu'ttara'rdha cu'lika' va'rdha eva va' // 27
dan.d'ika' vipulam ta'vat tripa'da'rdham tu tadghanam /
valayam ja'nu ni'vram ca dan.d'ika' vipula'rdhatah // 28
The width of the ‘janu’ element should be half the width of the architrave or a quatrter of
the width of the tuft-like element. Its thickness should be equal to three-fourth or half of
the width of the consoles. Valaya, janu and nivra- all these three should be more than the
half of the width of the consoles.
मल्लमध्यादथालीन तालमानं च यद्घनम् ।
पर्यन्ताज् जानुकान्तं च चूलिकाभाग एव वा ।। २९