गुप्त अभिलेख संग्रह (जे. एफ. फ्लीट - गुप्त सम्राटों एवं परवर्ती नरेशों के ऐतिहासिक पाषाण व ताम्रलेख)

mical system of it, and was current, as is shewn by many epigraphical quotations of it,
in Southern India also,—are determined by Jupiter's mean place. And the rule is thus
given in the Sûrya-Siddhânta, i. 55,—dvâdaśa-ghnâ Gurôr yâta-bhagaṇâ vartamânakaiḥ ।
râśibhiḥ sahitâḥ śuddhâḥ shashṭyâ syur Vijay-âdayaḥ ॥,—" the expired revolutions of Jupi-
ter, multiplied by twelve, (then) increased by the current signs (of the current revolution),
(and then) divided by sixty, are (i.e. the remainder is) (the saṁvatsaras counted from)
Vijaya as the first." In fact, the Sixty-Year Cycle, and the Twelve-Year Cycle of the
mean-sign system, are quite identical with regard to the day of the commencement of each
saṁvatsara; and, consequently, with regard also to its duration, which, according to
Jupiter's mear motion as given in the Sûrya-Siddhânta, is 361 days, 1 ghaṭî, 36 palas.
The Twelve-Year Cycle of the mean-sign system, therefore, with regard to its other details,
may be most properly described with the Sixty-Year Cycle, which I shall treat of fully on a
separate occasion. And I have introduced the present brief mention of it, only because
references to it are unavoidable in the following observations.
The eleven authorities for the heliacal-rising system, in addition to the Bṛihat-
Saṁhitâ, of which I have spoken, are as follows;—(1) Parâśara says—Kṛittikâ-
Rôhiṇîsh=ûditê kshuch-chhastr-âgni-vṛishṭi-vyâdhi-prâbalyaṁ ..... Chitrâ-Svâtyôr uditê
nṛipa-sasya-varsha-kshêm-ârôgya-karaḥ.—(2) Garga says—pravâs-ântê sah=arkshêṇa
hy=uditô yuga-pach charêt । tasmât kâlâd ṛiksha-pûrvô Gurôr abdaḥ pravartatê ॥—(3)
Kaśyapa says—saṁvatsara-yugê ch=aiva shashṭy-abdê¹-ṅgirasas sutaḥ । yan-nakshatr-
ôdayaṁ kuryât tat-saṁjñaṁ vatsaraṁ viduḥ ॥—(4) Ṛishiputra says—yasmin tishṭhati
nakshatrê saha yêna pravardhatê । saṁvatsaras sa vijñêyas tan-nakshatr-âbhidhânakaḥ
॥— (5) Also, in the following, Ṛishiputra quotes Vasishṭha and Atri, in addition to
Parâśara, who is separately referred to above,—Tishy-âdika-yugaṁ prâhur Vasishṭh-Âtri-
Parâśarâḥ । Bṛihaspatês tu Saumy-ântaṁ sadâ dvâdaśa-vârshikaṁ ॥ Udêti yasmin mâsê
tu pravâs-ôpagatô=ṅgirâḥ । tasmât saṁvatsaraḥ.—(6) In the Samâsa-Saṁhitâ, a
short work by Varâhamihira, we have²—Gurur udayati nakshatrê yasmin tat-saṁjñitâni
varshâṇi.—(7) Bṛihaspati, as quoted in the Kiraṇâvalî, a commentary by Dâdâbhâî
on the Sûrya-Siddhânta, says—yadâ Gur-ûdayô bhânôr Gurôr abdas tad-âditaḥ.—
(8) In the Nârada-Saṁhitâ, Guruchârâdhyâya, we have—yad-dhishṇy-âbhı uditô Jîvas
tannakshatr-âhva-vatsaraḥ.—(9) In the Muhûrta-Tattva, Guruchâra, verse 7, we have—
dvy-ṛikshô=Gnêḥ Kârttikât try-ṛiksha ishu-ravi-Śivô=bdaḥ sa yên=ôdit=Êjyaḥ.—(10)
In the Jyôtishadarpaṇa, adhyâya v., we have — yasminn abhyuditô Jîvas tan-

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¹ From this, it appears that the saṁvatsaras of the Sixty-Year Cycle also, were originally determin-
ed by the heliacal risings of the planet. And corroboration of this is afforded by a verse of Varâhamihira,
quoted further on. The above verse of Kaśyapa, evidently applies to the Twelve-Year Cycle also.
² I have taken this, and the preceding five quotations, from Utpala's commentary on the
Bṛihat-Saṁhitâ.