द्वितीय राजतरङ्गिणी (जोनराज - कल्हणोत्तर मध्यकालीन कश्मीर का प्रामाणिक इतिहास)

424 KINGS OF KASHMÍRA.

again. Yosobha knew how to distinguish the cultivators
from the soldiers, even as a swan knows how to separate
milk from water.
Merja Laskara, Yosobha Khāna's son, took posses-
sion of the country, when his father had left it in order
to serve Jyallāladīna. He was without a blemish, a
jewel fit for the head of all men; his person was like
nectar, and he looked graceful like the youthful moon.
Now one of his Yavana servants went to the banks of
the Vitastā, and there harassed the people by ordering
them to lift loads of wood. Merja Laskara himself saw
the Yavana harassing the people and said to his minis-
ter,—"See how he is killing the men. Alas! do my
servants oppress the people of Kashmīra? Why do they
not fear king Jyallāladīna? How strange it is that there
is no robbery, no fear from thieves or from wicked men,
that merchants pay no tax either in village or in town,
that clouds rain, the earth becomes fruitful, and the
cultivators keep their annual gain, and the country suffers
no loss when emperor Jyallāladīna rules!" He then
ordered the Yavana to be promptly arrested, and the
minister immediately hurried to seize him. But the
Yavana fled in fear, whereupon the minister reported
that the man had run away. Merja Laskara then
said:—"Now that the man has fled, do what I say,—
take the boats laden with wood into the middle of the
Vitastā and burn them in such a manner as to strike
terror to the people." The minister did as he was

KINGS OF KASHMÍRA. 425
ordered, and when the Yavanas saw the boats in flame
they became almost dead with fear. Any Yavana who
would so lose his sense as to oppress the people of
Kashmīra would soon obtain the fruit of his guilt.
Now the saffron shoots sprang from the ground, as
if the king of the serpents had reared his heads in rows
in order to behold the season of autumn. The buds
of saffron flowers issued slowly, as if through bashful-
ness, from the spotless cover of their rinds ; and when
the people saw the village of Padmapura rich with the
beauty of these saffron flowers, and with grapes and
walnuts, they deemed even heaven inferior to it. The
cultivators, who in the month of Shrāvaṇa had sown one
khārī of saffron seed in the ground, now plucked half a
khārī of flowers, and they plucked them morning,
noon, and evening, and at each time they collected them
in the same quantity. From the time that Takṣhaka
nāga taught the cultivation of this flower, there had
not been such a plentiful crop as now. People had
no rest at this time on account of the large crop of
saffron. Some were busy in plucking flowers, some
were conveying them in carriages, the heads of some
were bent with their weight, some were sleeping in boats
[laden with saffron,] some were constantly occupied in
weighing, and some were guarding the crop.
This is the account of the saffron harvest.
When eight years had passed away, king Jyallāladīna
took the country from Yosobha Khāna and bestowed it on

others. On the arrival of Āsāha Khāna, Merja Yosobha's
troops were scattered like the dust at the time when the
wind prevails. Then the illustrious Jyallāladīna sent his
two servants Āhlāda Khāna and Soltān Mahahmada
Kula Khāna. Āsāha Khāna knew them to be the
servants of Jyallāladīna ; he gave them the possession of
the country, and went to the feet of his master. These
two officers drove away injustice from Kashmīra, even
as the sun and the moon drive away darkness from the
earth. They ascended a hill near Shārikā in the neigh-
bourhood of Pravarapura, and there, under the orders
of king Akavara, built a fort with the inappropriate name
of Naganagarī. Men after performing various kinds of
religious austerities go to heaven in their second birth
after death ; but when the people saw this Naganagarī,
they did not attempt to ascend to this heaven. At this
time the houses in the city were occupied by the king's
soldiers, and the inhabitants suffered thereby. The mer-
chants saw this distress of the people and informed the
king of it ; whereupon the king removed the difficulty by
the following arrangement. The king's followers stayed
in the new town, and any one of them who harassed the
people was made guilty of an offence. The Muggulas, after
king Jyallāladīna had thus ordered, lived in the new town.
It was whitewashed with lime and was situated on the
Shārikā hill, and it looked as if it jeered at the old capital
in its neighbourhood. When the Yavanas had gone out
of the old city, the people held a festivity ; they always

KINGS OF KASHMÍRA. 427
blessed king Jyallāladīna, and were happy. Now all
of a sudden, at mid-day, and within a short time, the
old town built by Alābhadīna, with its two thousand
houses, was in a flame, as if in sorrow for its separa-
tion with the Muggulas whom it saw depart in order to
live in the new town. This extensive city, adorned with
many paintings, and with its houses and buildings, was
soon reduced to ashes. When the old city was burnt,
the new one looked beautiful, even as when a co-wife
dies, the other one feels happy.
Here ends the description of the acquisition of
Kashmīra by the emperor Akavara Jyallāladīna.

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429
APPENDIX A
Now by the direction of some holy men, Shri Malleka
Rájána Nujyaka, the celebrated lord of Siddha, related
what the people of this country and of other coun-
tries suffered from oppression, poverty, and panic. This
is what he said :—"When Jaina Sháha went to heaven,
the weak came to be oppressed by the strong, and the
foreigners were subjected to unjust penalties, and they left
the country. Then Shri Saiphadámarendra, the king's
minister, opposed bad laws and protected and cherished
the subjects. Thus the people were sometimes nourished
or sometimes drained according to the effects of
their virtue or vice, or according to the ministers' good
or evil disposition. Then Chakrapati Malleka Kánchana rose
like the sun, at the order of the king, and graced the
assembly of ministers. When this minister sat in the
palace, and employed himself in dispensing justice, the
weak, on account of his valour, displayed the vigour of the
strong. But calamities from the Muggulas, and death, and
famine occurred, when, owing to quarrel among the powerful
men, and owing to the sin of the subjects, Chakrapati went
out of the kingdom."
APPENDIX B.
As one forms from fancy the image of another whom he
has not seen, so Fate created a person named Várádama
for the creation of the world. He had the skill of perform-
ing difficult work, and he built eighteen thousand houses.
Then when this wide world had turned round thirty-six
times, seven beautiful Pigambaras, like the seven Rishis, were
born. The Pigambara Rasulohya, who was the chief and
protector of them all, was kind to men ; and though a
man, he had, by the will of Mahádeva, conquered the gods.
The Himálaya mountain is the best of all the gods' crea-
tion in heaven and in earth, and the country of Kashmira,
situated in it, is to the world what a necklace is to a woman.
This is the holy world of the good, the home of the bow-
men, the native place of the various trees and plants, and
the place for the enjoyment of all kinds of wealth. Here all

[430]

the Pigambaras lived together in the Pigambara house, and
prayed to their god to quench the fire of the city consumed
by evil deeds, even as by a forest fire, with the water of their
good acts.
APPENDIX C.
The good country of Kashmíra is adorned by the vedas
with their six angas, and the vedántas, and the well
arranged siddhántas, by logic and grammar, by the
puránas, by the mantras, and by the six schools of philo-
sophy; by the followers of Shiva and of Vishnu, by the
worshippers of the sun, by the Buddhists with their paintings
and viháras and mathas; by the vine, and the saffron, the
grains, and the sháli rice, and by fragrant flowers; by the
puránas, and the shrutis and the tarkashástras; by the
Brahmaná worshippers of fire, and by the Bráhmanas devoted
to contemplation, austerities, prayers, and anxious for ablu-
tion and worship; by kotis of nágas, by Hari and Hara; and
by the Gandharvvas and the Vidyádharas. Here the water
is cool like the amrita of heaven. In this country there
are forty-five images of Mahádeva, sixty of Vishnu, three
of Brahmá, and twenty-two of Shakti which are well known;
they have neither beginning nor end; and there are Níla and
other serpents seven hundred in number, and fourteen kotis
of good men who live in shrines.
The hero Arjjuna, brother of Yudhishthira, was the leader
of eighteen armies at Hastinápura. After he had conquered
the whole world he feared that his valour would rust, so he
went to the nether world. There he soon conquered the cities
of the Nágas and desisted from making further wars. He ob-
tained the daughter of the Nága and there spent a year in
enjoyment. Long time elapsed after his return from the nether
world, and he again set out for the conquest of foreign coun-
tries; but was killed in a battle by his own son. When how-
ever his wife came to know of this, she soon brought him
back to life; he was glad to see the prowess of his son, and
he returned with him to Hastinápura. Now in the
course of time Arjjuna was taken away from the world,
and his two sons Parikshit and Vabruváhana divided the
whole kingdom between themselves, and kept posses-

431

sion of it. After Vabruváhana had lived for one hun-
dred and fifty years, he left, during the performance
of a yajna, his eighty-four heroic sons and thousands of
their sons, turned a devotee, and went back to the house
of his mother's father. Those he left behind became almost
mad with excess of strength, quarrelled among them-
selves, oppressed the people, and. went to excesses. Proud
on account of their strength, they were cursed by their
father for disobedience, and for their own destruction they
oppressed their subjects by means of soldiers.
Now some merciful saint was passing along the sky, he
saw the oppression of the people, and soon brought it to the
notice of the Great Being. Then the voice of a being
without form was heard from the sky, saying :—"There
is a person in the midst of the sea, he is like Yama and
holds a sword." Then the saint brought that person who
was brought up in Roma country. He rode upon a horse,
and it was by his sword that the oppression was re-
moved This personage, this great king, this conqueror of
all living things was surrounded by his friends and com-
panions, but was not seen by any. The Creator brings
about the births and deaths of those whom he creates for
some incomparable and extraordinary end, and in an
extraordinary manner. Fo example, who knows whence
the sun, which gives light to the three `worlds, rises, or
where it sets.
Pártha was born in the family of this person, but having
incurred the anger of his father, he went to a distant place
and built Gahvarapura in the Panchagahvara country. Kuru
Sháha was born in the family of Pártha ; he conquered the
whole of the north and of the west, and built an auspicious
temple named Dhanus. His son Táhirála was graced with
three eyes, and had the peculiar virtue of getting whatever
he wished for. He was devoid of avarice, and he knew the
past, the present, and the future ; and was under the in-
fluence of good fortune. He was very powerful, kind, and
munificent ; he always spent his time in devotion, and he
knew all the shástras. Kashmíra is the kingdom under the
protection of this powerful being, though it is governed by.
others. Whenever therefore a foreign sovereign seeks to
do mischief to the kings of Kashmíra, Táhirála destroys him.
Know that the country of Kashmíra is Párvvati, and its

432
king is born of a part of Hara, and Táhirála had three
eyes, as if because this fact may be believed by the people.
He had no enemy, and he was enemy to no one. By his reli-
gious austerities he removed the evils which proceeded
from the gods. Any king who does not bestow a high post
to one born in the family of Táhirála must sacrifice his own
prosperity. Twice or thrice Táhirála heard a voice from
the sky telling him to accept the sovereignty of Kashmira,
and to give it to his very wise son Sháhamera, for it is said'
in the veda that a person's son is his soul.
This is the account of the dynasty of Táhirála.
Printed by S. K. Shaw,
At the Elm Press, 29, Beadon Street, Calcutta.

433
List of kings of Kashmíra in the work
of Jonarája.

134
List of kings of Kashmíra in the work
of Shrīvara.

435
List of kings of Kashmíra in the work
of Prājyabhaṭṭa and Sukha.
˙˙
Name. | Kali | Saka | Loukika. | A.D. | Period of reign.
Y. M. D.
Phataha Sāha
(Phate Shah) ... ... 4587 | 1408 | XL. 62 | 1486 | 9 0 9*
Mahmada Shāha
(2nd time) ... ... 4615 | 1436 | XL. 90 | 1514 | 0 9 9
Phataha Shāha
(2nd time) ... ... 4616 | 1437 | XL. 91 | 1515 | 1 1 0
Mahmada Shāha
(3rd time) ... ... 4617 | 1438 | XL. 92 | 1516 | 11 10 10
Ebrāhima Shāha
(Ibrahim) ... ... 4629 | 1450 | XLI. 4 | 1528
Nājoka Shāha (Nazuk) 4630 | 1451 | XLI. 5 | 1529 | 1 0 0
Mahmada Shāha
(4th time) ... ... 4631 | 1452 | XLI. 6 | 1530 | 5 0 0†
Samsha Shāha... ... 4638 | 1459 | XLI. 13 | 1537 | 23 0 0
Habhebha ... ... 4661 | 1482 | XLI. 36 | 1560 | 0 1 0
Gāja Shāha (GhazyShah) 4661 | 1482 | XLI. 36 | 1560 | 2 0 0
Hosaina Shāha ... ... 4663 | 1484 | XLI. 38 | 1562 | 7 0 0
Ale Shāha ... ... 4670 | 1491 | XLI. 45 | 1569 | 9 0 0
Yosobha Shāha (Yosoof) 4679 | 1500 | XLI. 54 | 1578
‡ Momāra Khāna ... 4679 | 1500 | XLI. 54 | 1578 | 0 1·7

• The period of the reign of this king is stated to be 9 years. This
  appears to be a mistake, for we find him reigning till the year 89. (vide
  page 343). He must have reigned for 27 years.
  † Or 7 years calculated by the date of his ascending the throne
  and that of his death as given in the text.
  ‡ Names marked thus (‡) are those of the governors of Akbar.

. 436
Name. | Kali | Saka | Loukika. | A.D. | Period of reign
| | | | | Y. M. D
Lahvara Chakka ... | 4679 | 1500 | XLI. 54 | 1578 | 0 11 0
Yosobha (2nd time) ... | 4680 | 1501 | XLI. 55 | 1579 | 8 0 0
Yākobha ... | 4688 | 1509 | XLI. 63 | 1587 |
‡Saida Yosobha Khāna | | | | |
‡Kāji Āla ... | | | | |
‡Merja Yādgāra ... | | | | |
‡Yosobha Khāna | | | | |
(2nd time) ... | | | | |
‡Merja Laskara | | | | |
‡Āsāha Khāna | | | | |
‡Āhlāda Khāna and | | | | |
Soltan Mahahmada | | | | |
Kula Khāna ... | | | | |

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