द्वितीय राजतरङ्गिणी (जोनराज - कल्हणोत्तर मध्यकालीन कश्मीर का प्रामाणिक इतिहास)

KINGS OF KASHMÍRA. 399
fault was that he sheltered prosperity, which was fickle,
in his house, and sent out fame which was steady. The
moon is well known to be a foe of the meritorious, and
how could he equal the king who was a friend to worthy
men? Yosobha ruled Kashmīra, but he felt very angry
towards Habhebha and others, and he plucked out their
eyes.
The king of Kashmīra sent his son Yākobha to king
Jyallāladīna in order to serve him. Yākobha accordingly
made his preparations. But when king Jyallāladīna saw
the presents given to him by Yākobha, he felt a desire
to subdue Kashmīra. And when he felt that desire
he gave the necessary orders to Bhagavaddāsa* and
other kings. Yākobha came to know of this, and he
left the service of the king, and returned unperceived
to his own country of Kashmīra from the way. When
he came to his father he felt himself free from
anxiety, and thus said to him :—"O adorable ! the
king has sent Bhagavaddāsa against us. If a great
man has no strength in him, his greatness becomes use-
less ; the lion kills an elephant huge as a hill." They
then settled their plan to defeat the enemy, and ordered
all the people of the mountains to turn out under
fear of penalty. The king then came forth and the
soldiers were arrayed, and the banners which dwarfed
the trees looked beautiful. King Yosobha took, shelter

• Bhagwan Das was the father of the celebrated Mansing.

400 KINGS OF KASHMÍRA.
in the shrine of Varāha, and there he remained ; his
ministers advanced to the front with a view to fight.
The king then thus addressed the ministers :—"You
should not fight, we will take refuge at the lotus feet of
Jyallāladīna that we may serve him. How can the
weaker of the two have the strength to overcome the
mightier ? The storm has not the strength to uproot a
mountain." When all the ministers heard this they said
to the king :—"Why do you think thus ? One never
accomplishes a religious act, he wishes to perform, if he
does not obey the good advice of his religious preceptor ;
a patient who disregards the advice of the physician never
recovers ; an elephant never acquires skill if it does
not follow its driver ; and a king who neglects the words
of his ministers never attains prosperity." When the
king had heard this, he said to those ministers :—"You
have not seen the army of king Jyallāladīna ; Indra
reigns in the east only, Yama in the south, the god of
water in the west, and the god of gold in the north. But
why do they feel proud,—they who rule in one direction
only ? King Jyallāladīna is the lord of all around. Victory
be to him ! No one was so liberal as Akavara, and no
one shall be ; he bestows gifts on the learned men even
if they be his enemies. Karṇa attained fame by the
gift of gold, Bali by that of land ; but this king, by
gift of all things. Though Kuvera is rich, he is miserly
in many ways ; though the moon is pure, yet it bears
a stain from day to day ; though fire is powerful, it is

KINGS OF KASHMÍRA. 401
always darkened by its uprising smoke ; but all of these
have been surpassed by this king in gift, fame, and
power.” King Yosobha was bent on serving Jyallāla-
dīna, and the ministers thus made him a fitting reply :—
“The life of that man is useless, whose desire it is to
serve the feet of his enemy, but he who fights with
his foe deserves praise. Stay at a distance and we will
accomplish your work ; we will take shelter of a forest
tract and continue to fight day after day. The powerful
sun with its thousand rays cannot destroy the darkness
of a cavern, so the emperor, bent on destruction, will
not be able to destroy those who would take shelter in
a forest.” When the king had heard these words spoken
by the ministers, he, as if to extinguish their fire, thus
addressed them in a nectar-like speech :—“Cast aside your
fear, obey my words, I will take refuge at the lotus like
feet of Jyallāladīna. He is an ornament among kings,
and Cupid is of no use so long his person exists. I
bow to him out of my own will, and feel proud of it.
How can I act inimically towards the emperor ? I will
serve him, and there shall be happiness in my country.
None ever existed like this king, nor now exists, nor will
exist, and in saying this I feel a pride every day and at all
times. My ears have become restless at listening to
the merits of this emperor, and even Karṇa would run
away if he heard of his liberality. Men whose foreheads
have been marked for poverty fall at his feet to wipe
away the writings of fate. It is rarely that the dust of

402 KINGS OF KASHMÍRA.
his feet can be had even by great men ; and that dust befits
the heads of kings even as an ornament, and as a charm
to secure prosperity. The emperor worships the sun,
the real and the visible god ; and his difficulties fly
away from him owing to his devotion to this luminary.
The intelligent emperor Jyallāladīna thought to himself
that the different Vedas varied in their views, that the realm
of the chief of the gods was once assailed by the Asura
chief, that the pride of the Gandharvvas was also
humbled. Indra and the other gods were much subject to
fear, and Brahmā, Vishṇu, and Shiva turned towards the
sun with clasped hands ; he therefore bows to the sun,
the visible god. How can my troops cope with those
of king Akavara when they arrive ? How useless is it to
try to repel the waves of the sea when they break over the
land, by means of winnowing fan ? What harm befalls
the sun, the visible god, should an owl vilify him ?"
The king resolved to do what he had said, and went
over to Bhagavaddāsa in order to take refuge at the feet
of king Jyallāladīna.
Thus having enjoyed prosperity for eight years, king
Yosobha went to serve king Jyallāladīna.
When king Yosobha went over to the army of
Bhagavaddāsa, his son Yākobha took possession of the
extensive kingdom. He pleased all men by spending
for military purposes all the treasure which had been
acquired by his ancestors and hoarded in the treasury.
And when Bhagavaddāsa had departed from the coun-

try with king Yosobha, king Yākobha looked as beautiful
as the sun emerging from the clouds.
There are four different doctrines in the mlechchha
shāstra; and there arose a quartel among the people
owing to the difference that existed in these doctrines.
Shamsha Chakka became jealous of the king and con-
structed a fortification at Sadāshivapura with the inten-
tion to fight. King Yākobha then fought a great and
tumultuous battle with him near Diddāmatha in which
Shamsha Chakka took with him Alam̆māshira and
Malleka Ālaka. It was by the advice of Malleka Ālaka
that Shamsha Chakka then went to the village of
Svayyapura, situated in the midst of water, and occupied
it. As the rising sun speedily destroys the darkness of
night by its rays, even so Yākobha sent the soldiers of
his enemy to Yama by arrows discharged with his own
hand. Alam̆māshira Khāna fled after he had fought a
while, and the king besieged Shamsha Chakka within
the town. Yākobha obtained the victory, but from that
time he always apprehended danger from the king of
Madhyadesha.
The desire of king Jyalāladīna, sovereign of Madhya-
desha, to conquer Kashmīra prevailed again; and with
this view he sent there Kāsema Khāna who was served
by Chakka Haidara. Anxious to conquer Kashmīra,
the king ordered twenty-two leaders of army to march;
and these leaders of great glory promptly issued by his
orders from the city of Lāhora. Wells were dried up, tanks

404 KINGS OF KASHMÍRA.
were drained to the mud, and hills were levelled by the
march of this army. Lines of tents were adorned with
lofty banners, and it seemed as if the tents stretched out
their necks to see the hills of Kashmīra. Such a mass
of dust was raised by the marching army as to strike
terror to the sun in the sky, even as from Rāhu. Their in-
fantry, their cavalry, and their elephants could not be
numbered, even as the dust in the road.
The soldiers, covered with dust in their long marches,
reached the Chandrabhāgā river in a few days, even as
the Chakorī reaches the moon. There the men who had
soiled themselves with the mud of tanks, washed their
clothes, drank the pure water, and enjoyed themselves
as they liked. The horses shied on the banks of the
Chandrabhāgā, being afraid to bathe, at which men who
were near them became frightened and agitated, while
those who were at a distance jested at them. An
elephant was loosened for bath, and though placed be-
hind a female elephant became struck with terror and
alarmed the men and threw them into confusion. In
a few days the army crossed the Chandrabhāgā in its
march towards Kashmīra, and reached the neighbourhood
of the mountains. The infantry felt greatly exhausted
in ascending and descending the hills, which they
did on their knees, ankles, and feet. The way over
mountains is like the way to Yama ; there are waterfalls
in some places, and in others water is scarce; in some
places exhaustion is caused by puddle, and in others

KINGS OF KASHMÍRA. 405
there is fear of being struck by stones; some places
are always cold, and some are always hot being
exposed to the rays of the sun. Bullocks, elephants,
and horses ate in these mountain tracts the new and
tender shoots of grass which was grown by copious rain.
These men from Madhyadesha beheld the arrangement
of the mountains, made enquiries about the trees they
met in villages, and they were greatly filled with wonder.
When the troops had ascended the top of a hill, they
looked like Yama at the end of a kalpa. They smoothed
passages over impassable tracts by means of boulders of
stone, they alarmed the elephants which were in groves,
they cleared the groves, and made torrents of water flow
over table-lands. The inhabitants of these mountains
were struck with fear at the prowess of the emperor, and
at the sight of his army; and they came to Kāsema
Khāna bringing him presents of goats and citrons. As
men catch birds by giving them bits of meat, as fish is
caught in the water by means of hooks, as skilful men
induce animals to come near by throwing corn at them,
even so did Kāsema Khāna overcome the inhabitants of
the country by distributing wealth among them. His
army was in want of a person to show the road to
Kashmīra, and Haidara Chakka offered to do this act of
enmity towards Yākobha.
At this time Bahrāma Nāyaka was in charge of
efending the road to Kashmīra. He felt uneasy on
account of fear for Yākobha ; he stationed his men in

406 KINGS OF KASHMÍRA.

their places and went alone to the army of Kāsema
Khāna. Kāsema Khāna was well versed in work of
every kind; he gave dresses, ornaments, and wealth to
the Nāyaka, and thereby he greatly honored him. Other
people who were at Pañchānila hill had also disregarded
Yākobha and had given the kingdom to Hosaina Khāna,
and when Hosaina Khāna heard that Kāsema Khāna, a
foreigner, had come within his territory, he became angry.
Now Yākobha reviled Hosaina Khāna, and marched
towards the Pañchānila hill. But the soldiers whom
he had sent, turned away from the work of their master,
and made peace with Hosaina Khāna on such terms as
they liked. When king Yākobha heard that his army
had joined Hosaina, he blamed his fickle minded men,
such as steal wealth in times of prosperity and act inimi-
cally in times of danger; they are difficult tc be kept
under control, even as the thieves are.
Yākobha released Mera Mahmada and Shamsha
Chakka from prison, and went to Kāshṭhavāṭa. Spoiled
of their glory, these two servants did not pay their
respects to Yākobha nor serve him; monkeys play with
the chintāmaṇi jewel as with a ball! The soldiers dis-
banded themselves when Yākobha went away, even as
the pearls scatter themselves when the string of the neck-
lace is torn into two. Some went to Kāshṭhavāṭa, some
lived in the city, some went to foreign countries, some
came to an agreement with the Muggulas. Shamsha
Chakka snatched the kingdom from Hosaina Khāna,

KINGS OF KASHMÍRA. 407

but in fear of Kāsema Khāna he retired to the top of a
mountain. He heard of the approach of Kāsema Khāna,
made up his resolution, and took to the mountains
which were difficult to be approached by men. He was
at that time attended by a handful of men, while the
other was attended by many. Kāsema Khāna placed
Haidara Chakka in front of him, even as Rāma had
placed Sugrīva, and fought a great battle. When the
Kashmīrian troops saw Chakka Haidara, they all fled
away, even as the darkness of night flies at the rising of
the sun in the morning. As a great mass of dust is
driven away by the slightest wind, even so the Kashmī-
rian troops were driven away by those of the Muggulas.
The former fled, and the latter became victorious ; and
the women who had husbands and children raised loud
lamentations when they heard of this news. They had
lived like lotus plants, their hands had trembled like
lotuses, and so also their eyes under locks of hair, even
like blue water-lilies under the black bees. Then when
the calamity came in like darkness, the eyes bright-
ened, like the blue water-lilies, but the lotus like faces
shrank. Tear drops fell on the breasts of these women,
as if to quench the fire that was burning within
their heart. The soldiers entered the city on Sunday,
the second lunar day of the bright fortnight of Kārttika,
in the Shaka year 1509. The city was full of grapes
and walnuts, and was adorned with flowers and saffrons,
and the Yavanas who entered it fully confessed that it

408 KINGS OF KASHMÍRA.
was like heaven. All the Muggulas, who received pre-
sents of grapes from the cultivators and tasted them,
acknowledged that they were superior to the nectar from
the lips of their wives. The Muggulas adorned their
heads with flowers and saffron, and extolled their valour
over their wine.
Even the people of Kashmīra entered the service of
Haidara Chakka when they saw Kāsema under his
guidance. But when Kāsema found that Haidara Chakka
was attended by many men, he became alarmed, and
threw the Chakka into prison; whereupon the people
of Kashmīra who had followed him retired to a distant
forest. They then all united themselves together, re-
proached themselves, held a council, and resolved to
fight. Their army was full of men, but did not look
graceful without a king, even like a woman without a
husband, or like a night without the moon. Thus
thought they who had been defeated by the Yavanas,
and they promptly caused Yākobha to be brought.
Kāsema Khāna heard that Yākobha had arrived in per-
son, and he sent Momāra Khāna to vanquish him. Now
when king Yākobha heard that Momāra Khāna was
approaching, he put on his armour in order to fight a
great battle; but his ministers asked him who this
Momāra Khāna was, a servant of his servant, that he
should fight with him. Whereupon the king left Momāra
Khāna, who was stationed at Vijayeshvara, alone, and
marched towards the city by another road. At this

time the sun, which is full of the knowledge of the three
Vedas, set, as if in pity for the destruction of men
which was about to take place in the impending battle.
As the day declined, twilight lingered for a short time,
and then, as if afraid to be alone, went away to obtain
the company of the day. When the moon saw Yākobha,
terrible in appearance and with two swords in his
two hands, and remembered that both he and Yākobha
were kings, he went, as if in fear, to the place of setting.
At this time Yākobha, whose army was tired after
having marched from a great distance, attacked the city
without delay near Sadāshivapura. It was at night, at
the time when husbands were kissing and embracing
their wives, and when Cupid was cruelly discharging
his arrows, that the cry, like the roar of a lion, rose at
the place of battle. Yākobha killed many Yavanas in
the streets and within houses, and followed by a large
army, he set fire to the gate of the palace. Kāsema
Khāna lay hid in his own house, like a black-bee enclosed
within the petals of a lotus, wishing for the arrival of the
morning. Phatiha Khāna, the Muggula, had collected
an army, he was well clad in armour, and was at
Sekandharapura. The whole city was burnt, to the terror
of the Yavanas, and the people of Kashmīra fought
by the light of the flame. When Kāsema Khāna saw
the troops of Kashmīra, he, in his anger, killed Haidara
Chakka who was in prison. Yākobha abstained from his
night attack in the morning, and his soldiers departed
35

410 KINGS OF KASHMÍRA.
after plundering horses, elephants, and clothes. The
king had completely chastised the wicked at night during
which the sky had displayed its stars, even as a trader
displays his jewels ; but when the powerful sun forcibly
opened the petals of the lotuses in the morning, the
sky perspired dews in the effort to hide its jewels in a
hurry.
When the morning came, the moon set, and the sun
drove away darkness in an instant, all the Muggula people
collected together, and king Yākobha became very much
alarmed. He then withdrew from the city in the morning,
and the Yavanas, whose hearts were inflamed with anger
on account of the night attack, plundered the capital.
Kāsema Khāna knew that Yākobha had departed, but
he saw his own army broken, and still he was anxious
to achieve a victory ; he therefore marched by the way
by which Yākobha had gone. One named Alammāshīra
Khāna accompanied by many men bowed at the feet
of Kāsema Khāna. Alammāshīra was an inhabitant of
Tailagrāma, and he and his friend Shamsha Chakka had
once fought with each other. Phateha Khāna, a Muggula,
remained at Sekandharapura with a large army for
the protection of the city. A fierce battle was then fought
between king Yākobha and Kāsema Khāna in which the
Kashmīrians hurled stones, arrows, and iron clubs ;
but a quarrel again arose among themselves, attended
with the cry of “I am the king,” “I am the king”.
When king Yākobha learnt of this quarrel, he, at the

KINGS OF KASHMÍRA. 411
advice of his friendly brother, went again to Kāṣhṭhavāṭa.
Yosobha Khāna and Mera Mahmada then concluded a
peace with Kāsema Khāna, a peace which the latter
had sought. Kāsema Khāna then sent Yosobha Khāna
and others to the feet of king Jyallāladīna who always
honored them by giving them wealth, and they bowed
at his feet.
Now the winter season, like another invasion of the
Muggulas, came to Kashmira, and many people suf-
fered on account of the rigour of its cold: Snow fell
on the houses of the Yavanas after they had achieved
the victory, like showers of flowers from the sky. Then
came the season of spring adorning all the roads with
abundant flowers, as if to advise the assiduous king
Yākobha to begin hostility. He returned from the
country of Kāṣhṭhavāṭa accompanied by many men, with
the view to overcome the Muggulas. When Kāsema
Khāna heard of this, he too, with the object to conquer
the enemy, marched out with horses and elephants
which made the earth tremble. A great battle was
fought between them in the country of Kṣhetra, and the
day was clouded with arrows and stones. The Muggu-
las pressed on king Yākobha, but he, unperceived by them
went towards the city, took shelter in an almost inacces-
sible hill near the paddy fields, and came up suddenly
against the Muggulas. The sun reflected on bright swords
and armours which lighted the dark caverns in the
wood. The turbans were filled with blood issuing from

412 KINGS OF KASHMÍRA.
the bodies of the many who were slain, as if they were
the wine cups of Yama. So many were the stones
hurled, breaking down trees, that it seemed as if the
Kashmīrians were unable to bear the sight of lofty hills.
The waters of the fountains were mingled with the blood
of the dead. Was it that the sportful Yama played with
red powder dissolved in water ? Thus the war conti-
nued between king Yākobha and Kāsema Khāna ; and for
a month none of them was either victorious or defeated.
Now Ādūla Khāna was sent by Kāsema Khāna, with
an army to fight with the Kashmīrians who were sta-
tioned on the hills. And when the battle was about to be
commenced, the mountains became covered with clouds
which brought in a storm, and, as if with it, the last
night of kalpa for the mlechchhas. Thunders pealed
in the clouds, and the quick succession of light-
nings looked like the quivering tongue of Yama,
as if he was devouring something. The clouds poured
forth torrents of rain as the army of Ādūla Khāna
marched and he ascended a hill up the way towards
the sky. There was one named Shrīranga, a king, a
servant of Jyallāladīna ; he also went to fight, ascending
up the way towards the sky. When the Muggulas had
entrenched themselves at Sadāshivapura, the Kash-
mīrians took shelter on a hill near Jyeṣhṭharudra.
Streams of blood flowed in the battle which then took
place, and ran into the Vitastā.
Merjā Ādūla, the servant of the emperor, came with

KINGS OF KASHMÍRA. 413

the view to commence hostility, but at that time a battle
was being already fought between the followers of
Yākobha and of Alamshira Khāna, the Kashmīrian.
But when Ādūla arrived, the followers of Yākobha saw
him and exclaimed :— "Here the Muggulas have come" ;
and they left the soldiers of Alamshira Khāna,
attacked Ādūla, and fought with him. But Alamshira
Khāna's men helped Ādūla Khāna and fought against
Yākobha. Ādūla Khāna was pleased with Alamshira
Khāna and acknowledged that he had helped the
emperor. Shrīraṅga entered into a relationship with
Rāya Siṃha. He had with him forty Rajputs, whom,
when it began to rain, he ordered saying,— "Retreat
O Rajputs ! I have become cripple and have not the
strength to go." But they replied,— "It will not be
so, the habit of running away does not exist in the
Rajput tribe, the emperor honors the Rajputs, and we
will therefore continue to defend Lankā.* These Rajputs
did not retreat.†
Many perished in the battle thus fought, and
the men of Kāsema Khāna were struck with panic.
The Kashmīrians saw that the Yavanas were defeated
and broken, and they rushed on them suddenly.
King Jyallāladīna heard the news of this war and or-
dered Saida Yosobha to subdue the country. When king

• A village on the Ular lake.
  † The portion translated in this para : is in prose and within
  square brackets in the text.

414 KINGS OF KASHMÍRA.
Yākobha heard of this, he went against Yosobha Khāna,
even as a jackal goes against a lion knowing him by his
roar. Kāsema Khāna had come to Kashmīra led by
avarice, but remained there blockaded by Yākobha, even
as a black-bee that comes to a lotus is imprisoned there
by the approach of night. He was full of fear and could
not stir out. He was however relieved of his fear within
a short time by the arrival of the sun-like Yosobha Khāna,
and he issued out in triumph. The news about Merjā
Yosobha alarmed Shamsha Chakka and others who
wandered about like pigeons when the hawk is on its
wing. Kāsema Khāna was freed from his fear when
Yosobha Khāna arrived, even as the chakravāka is freed
from its position of separation from its mate on the
rising of the sun. Mahmada Mera joined some
Kashmīrians and always placed himself at the service
of Yosobha Khāna who sent many people of Kashmīra
to the feet of king Jyallāladīna.
Now king Yākobha came from Kāṣhṭhavāṭa with
the desire to overcome the Muggulas, even as
insects come out of madness to a flame; and Merjā
Yosobha Khāna sent Hājye Mera with Mahmada
to subdue him. The king's and the Muggula armies
remained on their grounds unmoved, as if Fate examined
their strength by holding both of them in a balance.
The Yavanas occupied the land on the south-west, and
the Kashmīrians on the top of a hill, and none could
advance towards the other. The shouts, like the roar

KINGS OF KASHMÍRA. 415
of a lion, rose from the two armies, as if the noise issued
from the teeth of Yama eagerly crushing men. A great
and a tumultuous battle was then fought, terrible to the
gods and the asuras, and a touch-stone to test the worth
of great warriors. The Kashmīrians hurled stones
which shook numberless branches of trees, as if the
arms of those trees trembled in fear at the sight of the
battle. In the never ceasing shouts of the great warriors
it seemed as if the hills cried out in fear. The arrows
discharged, by the warriors covered the trunks of large
trees and looked as if their hairs stood upon their
bodies at the sight of the tumultuous battle. The
Muggula army fought in diverse ways, and felt satisfied ;
but Yākobha saw his army broken, and became
uneasy with fear. He thus said to himself :— “I believe
that my soldiers have been devoured by the Yavanas, even
as the moon is devoured by Rāhu ; how can I alone
cope with the mlechchhas in this sea-like battle ?” He
then retired alone from that place, and came to Kāsh-
ṭhavāṭa, feeling humiliated day by day.
Now Yosobha Khāna returned to Jyallāladīna in order
to serve him, and his brother Merja Barddhaka took
possession of Kashmīra. All men felt happy when he
sat on his seat of judgment, even as the chakara bird feels
happy when the moon ascends the eastern hill. Once
upon a time a merchant killed a person in the merchant’s
house ; a piece of the corpse of the murdered man was
thereupon tied round the merchant’s neck, and he was

416 KINGS OF KASHMÍRA.
taken round with the proclamation that "any person who
becomes so devoid of sense as to kill another will surely
get similar heavy punishment." Once a Yavana, intoxi-
cated with wine, killed a Kashmīrian without any
fault. The murdered man was kept hidden under
water, and the Yavana declared that he had murdered
none. When Merja Barddhaka was informed of this
by the relatives of the murdered man, he at once asked
the Yavana why he had killed a Kashmīrian ; but he
asserted that he had killed none. "If a person is killed"
continued the Yavana "where is his headless trunk ?"
The Yavana said this in a firm tone, whereupon
Merja Barddhaka ordered men to look in the tank.
When the tank was stirred up, the headless trunk ap-
peared, and the Yavana's guilt for having murdered a
man was established. Merja Barddhaka found the
Yavana guilty and ordered his punishment as it is laid
down in the shāstra.
Asked by Jyallāladīna, Yosobha Khāna, with his head
bent down, thus spoke about the countless excellent
things of Kashmīra :—"The Creator has created Kashmīra
like a second heaven ; and even the king of the serpents,
with his two thousand tongues, cannot describe the glories
of that country. There the amorous men leave aside the
grapes whose sweet juice does not last long, and drink
the nectar which exudes from the lips of their
beloved women. There the faces of the women, with
their quick moving eyes of flirtation, look graceful like

KINGS OF KASHMÍRA. 417
the lotuses on which the black-bees move busily about.
But there alas ! the snow gives constant trouble, and as
if pretending to feel cold, the women, with their both
hands trembling before their husbands, express their
love." The other ministers then thus said to the sove-
reign of the world :—" O emperor ! the glories of Kash-
mīra are innumerable. There the glorious morning, noon,
and evening indicate themselves by the ebb and flow
of water*. There is the celebrated god Amareshvara,
the living snow which grows and diminishes in the bright
and the dark fortnights. There is the glorious living fire
which remains always ablaze, which requires no fuel, and
leaves no charcoal behind."†
When king Jyallāladīna heard of the excellencies of
Kashmīra, he issued from the city of Lāhora in order
to see that country ; and on the fifth bright lunar day
of Āshāḍha, arrived with his army in the capital of
Kashmīra. On the seventh bright lunar day of that
month he pleased the Brāhmaṇa boys with gifts of gold,
and they blessed him. He then went to Mārttaṇḍa, and
gave cows adorned with pearls and gold to Brāhmaṇas.
He was glad to see Kashmīra with its vines, and walnut
trees, and high and charming woods of tāli trees. He stood
on the banks of the Vitastā and saw the position of the
city and was greatly astonished. He saw the tank near

• There is a small water-course near Srinagara in which the
  depth of the water varies during the different hours of the day.
  † Some gas-spring like the one at Jwalamukhi.

418 KINGS OF KASHMÍRA.
Jyeṣhṭharudra adorned with various kinds of flowers,
and was greatly surprised. Even Yākobha came to
take refuge at the feet of Jyallāladīna, by whose shoes
Yākobha's head was hallowed. Yākobha took refuge
with the king as he had purposed to do, and the king
made him an attendant of Mānasiṃha. Yākobha re-
mained at the feet of Mānasiṃha, he went out of the
country, and enjoyed the delights which the emperor
bestowed on him. King Jyallāladīna saw the kingdom of
Kashmīra, bestowed it on Yosobha Khāna, and went
away.
Merja Yosobha Khāna was well skilled in serving
the king, he ruled the whole country well according to
the king’s orders; but Jyallāladīna became angry with
him, and gave the possession of Kashmīra to Kāji Āla.
When Kāji Āla sent the annual revenue to the king, the
servants of Merja Yosobha were deprived of their
possessions, and they became like guests in their own
homes. The Kāji gave nothing to any one, nor enjoyed
anything himself, but collected a large quantity of gold
by robbing others, even as mice collect paddy.
Menaced by Kāji Āla, Yosobha Khāna's men went
about hungry, even like tanks in the hot season. The
people of Kashmīra came to rob the heaps of paddy
when they saw it amassed by Kāji Āla ; and the wealth
hoarded by this wicked Kāji caused a quarrel among the
Muggulas themselves. Merja Yādgāra, brother of
Yosobha Khāna, joined the people of Kashmīra with the