द्वितीय राजतरङ्गिणी (जोनराज - कल्हणोत्तर मध्यकालीन कश्मीर का प्रामाणिक इतिहास)

378 KINGS OF KASHMÍRA.
the Mārgapatis heard that their powerful enemy lay very
near to them, they soon placed their troops in the
neighbourhood of Jalagada. Then the noble minded
Riga Chakresha went to Kācha Chakra and to the chief
of the Mārgapatis, and by despatching messengers tried
to establish peace between the parties. "Let Kācha
Chakresha" he said "remain in the city, and the Mārga-
patis in Kramarājya, and I am equally inclined to both."
Thus he established peace between them.
Then the hero Kācha Chakresha brought over to
him his friends Jaita Chakresha, Malleka Dauluta, and
Ebhrāhma Khāna from among the army of the Mārga-
patis, and triumphantly went up to the city, and lived in
the house of Riga Chakra. In the illustrious Kāñchana
Chakrapati his name has its full significance, on account
of the gifts of gold that he gave, we have actually seen
the marks of petals of a lotus in the palm of your hand
which indicate your charity. Let your left hand continue
to do good to others for a thousand years! O chief of
of the Mārgapatis! the king of the seasons (spring) has
seen your white fame, and with a view to serve you in
every way, has joined the lord of the zodiac (sun), cele-
brating your triumph with garlands of Jasmine and
Mañchari flowers, and of the Karṇikāra buds; and
with the hum of the black-bees and the voice of kokilas.
All are happy at every act of yours. Let the season of
spring afford you objects pleasent to you!
So long as Kācha Chakra the arbiter in all things

KINGS OF KASHMÍRA. 379
remained with the king, the strength of the powerful was,
owing to his prowess, found in the weak. Riga Chakra
came and spent a few days with him ; but finding that
Kācha Chakra loved him but slightly, he returned. He
went to the Mārgesha whom he knew to be like a strong
malady to Kācha Chakra, and told him of the purposes
of Chakresha ; and he brought together the officers of
the king’s vanguard and consulted with them. There
were celebrated ministers in the land of Kashmīra,
Malleka Shrī Daúluta, Gāja Khāna, Chakresha, and
others. They were wise in council, and were like Bhīma,
Arjuna, and Droṇa in the field of battle.
Mārgesha Abdāla had invited the Mereja to come to
Kashmīra, but in fear of Chakrī he had thought that he
would not be able to obtain possession of the country.
Now Malleka Kācha Chakresha went to Hinduvāṭa and
there died, and the minds of the Kashmīrians who lived
outside their country became darkened. The great Mereja
Haidhara heard of this event, and he took possession of
the kingdom of Kashmīra as if it had come to him
from his ancestors. The Muggulas, at the death of
Chakresha; spread themselves over the kingdom without
fear or dread, like goblins at the shrine of Shāradā ; and
their people came like bees from foreign countries to
Mereja Mashugola* who was in Kashmīra. When their
number increased, they, instigated by Mashugola, seized
lands from those who had possessed them for years

• The same as Mereja Haidhara ?

380 KINGS OF KASHMÍRA.
before either by plunder or by gift. By virtue of writs
given in the Mausula character by the Devāna,* the
mlechchha leaders of troops took possession of lands
in this affrighted kingdom, and.thus deprived the people
of their income. Thus in the month of Shrāvaṇa of the
year 22, the country witnessed the poor people almost
dying, and like a chaste woman trembled in fear. But
owing to the victory which the people of Kashmīra then
obtained, the Muggulas fled from the country, and the
people again were eager to get possession of lands in
order that they might acquire wealth. It was on account
of the association of the people with the Turuṣhkas that
they did not give up their fondness for dress, land, and
food, the last of which brought in punishment on them, in
as much as they had to place themselves hereafter under
medical treatment. Even when the wealthy people saw
the effects of sumptuous eating, they did not give up
their evil desire for food, even as great physicians do
not give up their treatment of patients in accordance
with the shāstras.
In the month of Āshvina of the year 30, there
occurred frequent earthquakes on account of the
wicked acts of the king, as if the earth suffered from
flatulency. The planet which causes calamity is
assuaged by various acts, by gifts of land to independent
people, by giving back to men their properties
which had been robbed, and by like deeds. Now

• Dewan of the emperor of Delhi ?

KINGS OF KASHMÍRA. 381
there occurred an earthquake at the second watch of
night when all men were asleep, and it destroyed
many people. It caused holes in the ground, and
travellers going on their way were misled at every step.
Houses fell into these holes at night and the people,
anxious to get out from their houses in the morning,
issued by breaking through the roof. On this occasion
many wooden houses fell into the water of the Vitastā,
and when they had floated down for seven kroshas,
the people who were in them awoke and came out.
The confusion caused by the earthquake in the two
towns of Hasainapura and Hosainapura, situated at
some distance across the river, can be seen even to
this day. Pitiable cries of lamentation of the much
afflicted people were then heard calling out "O
father !" "O mother !" "O friend !" "O brother !" in
different places, which made the heart feel as if it
were struck by a thunder bolt. At this time the sky
appeared terrible with claps of thunder, the movements
of the stars were stopped, and the land was agitated
like a gourd on the waves. The mind of the people be-
came troubled with the fear of the earthquake, and
they felt no affection for sons or friends or wives or for
good men or for kind hearted people or for any object
whatever. It was owing to the glory of the holy shrines
of Vijayeshvara, Mārttaṇḍa, and Varāhakṣhetra, that
fears and apprehensions from earthquake were not felt
by the inhabitants of these places. The earthquake

382 KINGS OF KASHMÍRA.
continued for several days, occurring several times every
day, and all the people lived under canvas.
When some time had elapsed, and all men had
returned to their home, Dauluta Chakkaka governed the
whole country with a strong hand. Once he obstructed
the passage of water which flowed through a goblin
ground with a view of diverting it to a corn field where
he lived. For this act, the angry goblins threw stones
into his house at night, and heaps of stone thrown by
unseen gods lay scattered during night near the palace
gate, and the people wondered at them. In their
wonder they asked one another who it was that showered
stones every day. Now there lived a very wise and a
very pious devotee named Abhimanyu in the village of
Tūlamūla. Dauluta Chakkaka one day went to his
house and asked the saint how this great kingdom
could be freed from the alarm. When thus asked, the
saint replied :—"Cease, by my order, to levy the annual
tax from Brāhmaṇas, and then you will obtain your end."
When the saint had thus said, the chief of the mlechchhas
replied :—"Listen attentively, O great saint ! to what I
say. I will even now bestow on you the village of
Tūlamūla, but how can I, who am a mlechchha, cease
by your order, to levy tax from Brāhmaṇas?" When
Dauluta Chakka had said this, Abhimanyu became
agitated with rage ; and as the tax on the Brāhmaṇas was
not forthwith withdrawn by the Chakkaka, the saint in
anger cursed him saying that so far as he was concerned

KINGS OF KASHMÍRA. 383
the sun and the moon would fall and sink into the sea.
Dauluta Chakkaka, on account of this curse, became
bereft of prosperity.
At this time Homāya, whose feet were brushed by
the crowns of kings bowing to him, became the emperor
of the world. He had quenched the great fire of a civil
war, but poverty, like jungle fire, oppressed the
hearts of his people, and it was not quenched. This
king had an enemy named Ajahomāya who meditated
taking shelter in an inaccessible country and he thought
of coming to Kashmīra; for here Homāya would
not be able to assail him. Now when with this
intention king Ajahomāya came to Kashmīra he had to
fight a battle with the people of this country on the
top of a hill; and the Kashmīrians who dwelt on
the mountains totally destroyed his army. This king
Ajahomāya was, at the time when Nājoka ruled the
country of Kashmīra, like a living fire that surrounded
all sides.
Then king Habhebha reigned for one month, when
Gāja Khāna, out of cupidity, usurped the throne.
Let the great warrior, the victorious Gāja Shāha,
the ornament of the world,—he who had distressed the
enemies, who had in battle held the sword of death,—
the great leader, the life of the world, the giver of good
to the humble, the accomplished, who looked graceful
in the kingdom, the beaming, the one versed in literature,
and the benefactor of the people, be always triumphant !

384 KINGS OF KASHMÍRA.
In the bright fortnight of the summer month of the
year 37, Nājoka Shāha joined Kara Bāhudhara the son
of king Homāya, the chief of the Muggulas, and the
leader of the army of Amvara; and with a view of
conquest arrived in the Pāshāṇḍa country. When Gāja
Shāha heard of this attempt made in the country out-
side Kashmīra, he held a council and sent Malleka
Hosa Chakresha to the outer country. This high minded
Hosa Malleka encamped at Surjala with the chief
ministers Laula Malleka, Chakresha Pijya, Haibhata
Khāna, Khujyā Phatiha, Merālaka, and others, and
with ten thousand warriors and infantry, and innumer-
able tents. The country outside was covered with the
great Muggula army, even like the pure heart of a good
man with darkening sin. First the army of the chief of
the Muggulas and then the trocps of Pāshāṇḍa, who had
been neglected before, covered the whole of the Rājapurī
country. When the king of Kashmīra heard of this he
became angry, and set out with his army from Shūrapura
to Hinduvāṭa, in order to overthrow his enemies. When
the mlechchhas saw this great and powerful army of
Gāja Shāha, they melted away, even as a mass of snow
in the rays of the sun. Phatte Malleka and Luhara
Malleka soon came up to the powerful army of Gāja
Shāha. Now when the way to the fort was closed,
Phatiha Khāna and others raised their battle cry and
distressed the large army of the Muggulas. The king
of Rājapurī in fear of Gāja Shāha made peace with

KINGS OF KASHMÍRA. 385
Khujyahājya, Yosopha Chakra, and others who were
with the Muggulas. While Shāha Nājoka stayed at
Naushahāra, the Muggulas established a truce, and em-
ployed their time in constructing fortifications and other
works. King Gāja sent a messenger of rank who went to
the assembly held by Kara Bāhudhara and thus said :—
“Why all on a sudden O chief of the mlechchas ! have
you come with a large army, not knowing the prowess
of the king, and confiding on whom ? Have you for-
gotten the battle of Shailīshāhi ? Yours will be the sin
of the destruction of men in the two armies. If you
have strength, where is the use of works of forti-
fication ? Man enjoys what Fate gives him. Chakri
Rājānaka and others will take a portion of this country,
what then will become of this land, or of the Muggulas,
or of Khujyahājya?” When Shāsanamakura the letter
bearer had thus said, Khujyahājya replied as follows :—
“I am under the Muggulas. The chief of the Chakras
is liberal, and a man of worth ; he is the chief among
bowmen, and is upright like Nausharovāna ; how
can we sufficiently praise him ? If you give to the
mlechchhas a portion of the land which belongs to the
Kashmīrians, as a reward, you will gladden the heart of
the king of the Muggulas. Or what is the use of dividing
the country ? All know that heroes perish in battle,
and none was seen or heard of or remembered like
Gāja Shāha who has now come out of his country to
fight.” When the king heard these words from the
33

386 KINGS OF KASHMÍRA.
messenger when he returned to him, he descended in
anger and in surprise from the top of the hill, but
ascended to the summit of great renown.
The king of Kashmīra encamped near the forces of
the enemy. He was graced by the presence of his sons
Shrī Shṛingāra Malleka, Ale Malleka, Khāna Ahmada,
Yosopha, Ebha Shāha, and by Khāna Shāhibhāja, and
by the ministers supported by their armies. He was
also attended by thousands of cavalry and swift horses,
and by hundreds of thousands of infantry in compact
masses furnished with bows, swords, clubs, bearded darts,
lances, iron maces, and with weapons named uphākas
used in nāgarandhras* and ashmarandhras.* As the
two well arranged armies approached nearer and nearer to
each other, the troops on both banks of the river began
to adorn the field of battle. Surrounded by a thousand
infantry, Gāja Shāha commenced the battle ; and by the
laughter and the sound of kettledrum, by the flapping
of the elephants' ears and the neighing of horses, and
by the roar of ashmarandhra he terrified the enemy.
When some of the Muggulas saw that hero approach,
they became disheartened and slowly issued out for
battle. The soldiers in the front and before the king out
of devotion to their master, severed the heads of the
mlechchha warriors in battle, even as the earthen covers
are removed from the pots. Haibhata Khāna was
wounded with five arrows, and yielded up his life and
* Perhaps cannon is meant by these names.

immediately espoused the women of heaven. The surviv-
ing Muggulas reflected on the heroic deter-
mination of the soldiers in the front, and on
the uncommon valour of the king, and they
returned in the same manner as they had come. The
chief warriors in the two armies wielded their arms
and sacrificed their lives, and they obtained great fame
and went to heaven. The king beheld the unparalleled
valour of the infantry, and gave them silver and other
metals which the troops in the front had acquired from
the mlechchhas. The Muggulas saw the reduction of
their own army and the increase of that of their enemies,
and went away even like the sons of merchants when
they are paid. Strong in his valour, Gāja Shāha was
accompanied by the king of Rājapurī, and he now
made the Pāṣhaṇḍas tributary to him, and returned to
his country. As he entered Kashmīra he heard the
blessings of the people saying :—"long reign O
king! lord of the empire, and always victorious!"
Though drenched by the tears of the weeping women
of the enemies, the houses of his foes were burnt by
the strong fire of his prowess, as by forest fire; and
when that fire had consumed the houses, grass began to
grow, watered by the tears of the female relatives of
his enemies.
The king saw conflagrations in different directions,
and there occurred earthquakes, and so he took council
of the soothsayers who thus said :—"In this country,

388 KINGS OF KASHMÍRA.
O king ! a great battle will be fought, and a river shall
flow with rapid current even through the field of battle ;
or it may be that the distress of the people caused
by famine shall everywhere prevail ; therefore rule the
country wisely.”
Now Kara Bhaddora, a servant of Merja Haidara,
came again with his army, with the object of conquering
the country. When Gāja Shāha heard this news, he set
out with his horses, at whose trampling the rocks re-
sounded and were powdered into dust. The king
sheltered himself at Rājavira, and ordered the infantry,
which was on its way, to fight. The two kings met
at Rājavira, and the people, who had been frightened
at the very idea of the meeting of two kings, became
alarmed. When Kara Bhaddora saw the skill with which
the infantry marched into battle, his heart trembled like
the wind, and he became alarmed. Then when he saw
the Kashmīrians discharge their arrows, he became
enraged. He fled from the country at the sight of the
infantry, even as darkness flies at the sight of the rising
sun ; and the people came out of their houses when he
had gone. As a family prospers when the serpent leaves
the house, even so the glory of the king now increased,
and the world glowed in his glory.
The king's prowess increased like the sun’s in the
summer season. But alas ! at this time Chakka and
others, whose hearts burnt with rage, entered the city.
When the enemies had encamped at Sadāshivapura, the

king stationed himself near Diddāmaṭha with a view to
fight with them. At this battle of Hāṭaka, the Vitastā
flowed between the two armies stationed at Svāmipura
and at Sadāśivapura, as if it forbade the parties to
fight. The king crossed the river, fought a great battle,
and killed Habhe Chakka in the water of the Sītā river.
After a long time the chief of the Muggulas, insti-
gated by Nosmi Chakka, came with the desire to
conquer Kashmīra. His name was known to the world
as Shāha Abdolamālī. He entered Kashmīra accom-
panied by many men and surrounded by a large
army. And the king came to Parihāsapura when he
heard of his approach ; a battle was fought there with
various tactics, and the enemy's soldiers were cap-
tured, and Shāha Abdolamālī turned back his way.
Many Yavanas perished in this battle, and Yama was
pleased to receive the souls of men in the semblance of
the stream of blood. The heads of the dead men were
brought into the town from the field of battle, and the
king hung them up in the buildings of the city.
Once upon a time the king became devoid of mercy,
and cut off without delay the hand of a boy of seven years
of age who had stolen a fruit. A certain thief had once
stolen a fish belonging to some villager, and the king
forcibly took two hundred pieces of gold coin from him.
Within a short time. the king killed his youthful and
powerful son Haidara because Haidara had intended to
kill his own mother's brother; the people lamented

390 KINGS OF KASHMÍRA.
that the wicked king should have acted thus. This
heir-apparent had eighteen sons, and like a Rākṣhasa
the mad king killed them.
The king robbed even the neighbours of those who
had committed a fault, and he killed one hundred men
every day. He imposed heavy fines for slight offences, and
he robbed many villages for the fault of one. He gave
nothing to worthy men, but bestowed his gifts on the
unworthy. He ordered his servant Jaitā to kill the
prince his son, but that servant, out of affection, did not
kill him. The prince was afterwards murdered by
Delāvara Khāna. The people became alarmed and
they thus exclaimed :—"What will be thy condition
in the next world O ! sinful king ? Hadst thou no pity
even on thy own son ? Why dost thou kill thy servants
without any fault ?*
In the course of time the king was attacked with a
severe leprosy and was deprived of his beauty, even as
the moon is by eclipse. Itching was caused by worms
in his body, and pus and blood came out of it ; and
sights that are seen in hell appeared during his life time.
Worms drank of his pus and blood and ate of his flesh,
and he suffered pain during his life time greater than
that of hell. Who was not grieved to hear him cry out
“O father ! O friend ! O son ! my sufferings have

• The portion translated in this para : appears in prose instead of
  in verse in the text and within square brackets. Perhaps the editors
  of the text have here given the purport instead of the original lines.

KINGS OF KASHMÍRA. 391
come"? Thus oppressed in body by a severe leprosy that
was visible to all, the king was deprived of his life, and with
it, his lust for worldly prosperity. Hosaina Khāna, the
brother of the deceased king, dug a hole in the earth,
and performed the rites due to the dead. The earth
at that place was suddenly lighted up by the fire of hell,
and smoke rose from it, which astonished the people.
The smoke was as it were the breath of the king tortured
by Death ; it arose on all sides and was seen by all ;
and all men who had gone to that place heard the sound
of chastisement with which the servants of Yama tor-
mented the king. The people wondered and said to one
another that he was gathering the fruits according as
he had sown the seed. Gāja Shāha governed the king-
dom darkened by his sin, and died within two years,
reduced by leprosy. Alas ! how that king committed
sin day and night and was in the course of a short time
cut off from many years of his life.
When the king went to heaven, his brother Hosaina
Khāna accepted the kingdom, even as when the moon
goes down, the sun rises on the eastern hill. After hav-
ing taken possession of the kingdom, the king relieved
the subjects from misgovernment, even as the cloud in
summer quenches the fire of the forest. He attained
prosperity by always attending to the complaints of the
people, and by giving gift to every one who asked for it.
His fame spread afar. The king drank new wine, sport-
ed with women, and enjoyed pleasures which even

392 KINGS OF KASHMÍRA.
Indra did not enjoy in heaven. Prosperity, as if bound by
his merits, did not go elsewhere but remained in his
house ; but Fame finding Prosperity so bound went afar,
as if in fear. He had come to claim his ancestral pro-
perty, but when he arrived at his house, his desires were
fulfilled to such an extent that he did not claim the pro-
perty he had come for. People always bowed their heads
low at his lotus feet ; they were now devoid of sorrow
and they attained great prosperity. When such a king
ruled Kashmīra, the land became full with abundant
crops of fruits and flowers. The king dispelled the
fear from famine, from thief, and from foreign potentate,
and the people believed the kingdom of Kashmīra to be
equal to heaven. Wherever he sat in judgment, there
the occupation of thieves was gone. He did not feel
uneasy when he distributed his gifts, his fame therefore
spread itself abroad.
One named Khānojamāna was the minister of the
king ; and when once the king went out of the city, the
minister sucked the town dry within a short time.
But king Hosaina returning immediately destroyed the
troopers of the minister, even as the sun destroys darkness
in the morning. The subjects wondered at this act of
the king who protected them according to laws, and
himself enjoyed various kinds of pleasure every day.
He plucked out the eyes of Mahmada Khāna and others
who were the king's antagonists, and were inimically bent
towards him, and had come to subdue the country.

KINGS OF KASHMÍRA. 393
When all the people had met at Shārikāsthāna and
the king had arrived at the hill of that place, he held a
great festival on the day appointed to celebrate the season
of spring. The people besmeared themselves with saffron,
aloes, camphor, and sandal wood paste on that day, and
looked beautiful. The king fixed a mark so high that it
could not be easily seen, and then he gave elephant, horse,
and wealth to his servant who succeeded in shooting it.
Again on the day of Shrīpañchamī the king saw the
people collect on the hill of Jyeṣhṭharudra. Some held
bouquets tastefully made of beautiful flowers to their
noses ; some were intoxicated and became uneasy when
women, strangers to them, smiled ; some drank wine and
adorned their persons with flowers ; thus all the people
amused themselves on the Shrīpañchamí day and then
dispersed themselves. Many a time the king witnessed
the dances of beautiful women, and looked at their
youthful beauties, and heard their songs, and gave them
clothes of gold and of silver, and then embarked on a
new boat.
Gradually the king was attacked with epilepsy, which
was like the stain on the bright moon. Even as the moon
is attacked by Rāhu so was Hosaina Shāha attacked by
epilepsy, and the people became uneasy in fear of misrule
as of darkness. King Hosaina bestowed the kingdom
on his brother, and, as if out of curiosity, went to
heaven which he had attained by his gifts. He went
to heaven after reigning for seven years which had al-

394 KINGS OF KASHMÍRA.
ways been pleasant, as if to see what the heaven was
like. The goddess of wealth, though insulted by large
expenditures, went with him; and how could his fame
remain among men when urgently called away by the
goddess of riches.
All the people became happy when Ale Khāna receiv-
ed the kingdom, even as the lotuses are when the sun
appears over the eastern hill. They saw the country of
Kashmīra well governed by the king, and they were
happy ; they even slighted heaven which had once
been destroyed by the chief of the Daityas. Wicked
men disappeared when the king sat in judgment, even
as owls do when the sun rises on the eastern hill.
Thieves became alarmed and uneasy at that time, and
hid themselves like rats in holes at mid-day. Attended by
the great council the king judged the people, and the
enquiries which he made to ascertain the truth were
always effective.
The king showed kindness to the timid, and his
subjects amused themselves at their ease. But suddenly
the sky became red on all sides, like the fierce fire that
will appear at the end of the world ; it prognosticated
destruction by famine. The world showed symptoms
of a calamity and trembled, as if unable to bear the
weight of a famine. Heaps of dead bodies lay during
famine in rows in every street, like the war-drums of
Yama. There was no necessity then for gold or silver,
and the vessels for preparing wine became as rare as

KINGS OF KASHMÍRA. 395

the chintāmaṇi jewel. A certain housewife, who had
become gaunt, flung aside her affection for her husband,
drove away her son to a distance, and used to eat in
secret. Though the son remained hungry, the daughter
begged for food, and the husband was dying, the
woman ate alone. Once an elephant died at the gate
of the king’s palace, and many hungry people hurried
there in haste, to be beforehand, and cut out pieces
of meat from the carcase and took them away. A
manufacturer of iron utensils killed a barber’s boy for
food, cooked the human flesh and sold it. The people
were anxious to save their lives, and they went out to
other countries, leaving behind their houses, their wives
and sons. A storm came on at this time which up-
rooted trees, and the people who experienced it talked
about it, and were afraid that the destruction which
would happen at the end of the world had then come.
The storm raised dust that covered the sun, and mid-
day appeared like midnight. While the storm was yet
blowing, a fire arose from the Sadāshiva forest, and it
suddenly blew into a flame, as if it had come to meet
its friend the storm. The fire followed the direction of
the wind, crossed the Vitastā, and burnt the whole town
together with Samudramaṭha. The burning town was
reflected on the Vitastā, and it looked as if it had plun-
ged itself into the water in order to quench its flame.
Though the stars in the sky were hidden by the smoke,
the numerous sparks of fire looked like stars, and ap-

396 KINGS OF KASHMÍRA.
peared double in number. It seemed as if the stars
which were concealed by the smoke, saw the flaming
fire and fled away in fear.
The king went to heaven after having enjoyed plea-
sures for nine years, as if to convey there the tidings
of the troubles which arose from famine. His son then
accepted the kingdom, whereupon Abdāla Khāna, the
brother of the new king's father, became angry and sent
a messenger to his nephew with the message saying that
it was the practice of the family that when a brother
died a brother took his post, why then should he aspire
to the kingdom. After Abdāla Khāna had sent the
messenger, he fought a battle with Yosobha Shāha at
Sekandarapura, in which he destroyed the army of his
enemy, and then went to heaven, as if out of curiosity
to see his brother. King Yosobha then took possession
of the kingdom, and gave such rich gifts to the people
as to make them forget Karṇa and Māndhāt of ancient
time.
Then Momāra Khāna came from a distant country
to fight, as if invited by a combination of king's misfor-
tunes. Mahmada Khāna, a servant of king Yosobha,
fought with him near Diddāmaṭha. The flames from
the fire arms flashed amidst the great mass of dark dust
and looked like lightnings playing among the clouds.
Mahmada Khāna fell, and his men became bereft
of glory, like lotuses when the sun sets in the evening.
The moving horsemen, reflected on the water of the

Vitastā, seemed as if they were fleeing into the nether
world, alarmed at the defeat of Mahmada. The king re-
treated by the difficult and inaccessible road leading to
the country of the Khasha people, after having enjoyed
the kingdom for two months and a half.
King Yosobha fled in haste when Momāra Khāna
obtained the kingdom, so flies the moon when the sun
rises in the morning. He went to obtain a shelter at the
feet of king Jyallāladīna [Akbar] who was the ruler of the
whole world. Mutual enmity gradually arose among the
men of Momāra Khāna, even as the forest fire arises by
mutual friction. Momāra Khāna was imprisoned by
his opponents, after he had enjoyed the kingdom for
one and a fourth of a month ; and he lived in a
temple.
Chakka Haidara and others defeated Momāra
Khāna and set up Lahvara Chakka to the throne.
The villagers, during the reign of this king, suffered from
the depredations caused by lions on all sides. Men in
every village who went out of their house at night were
killed by lions which were like devouring goblins.
Now king Yosobha was happy to see the feet of king
Jyallāladīna, and returned to Kashmīra after a year.
He took shelter in the village of Svayyapura, even as the
sun takes his rest on the eastern hill. This village was
difficult of access owing to the water of the Vitastā.
King Lahvara then issued out of the city, accom-
panied by many men, even as a lion issues out of the
34