द्वितीय राजतरङ्गिणी (जोनराज - कल्हणोत्तर मध्यकालीन कश्मीर का प्रामाणिक इतिहास)

FOURTH SERIES.
I bow to the Great Being, Mahādeva, who assumes
the form of the movable and of the immovable, on
whose crown rests the moon, and whose purpose is
pure. Let that form, half of Hara and half of Gourī,
protect you. At the sight of this form, the king of
the serpents twined himself round the bracelet of Gourī,
out of excess of devotion. I bow to the sun-like
guru, the light of whose favour dispelled the thick
darkness of ignorance, even of Shuka,* and expand-
ed the lotus-like heart of Buddhyāshraya.†
A good poet should bow to the truthful words of per-
sons skilled in discussion and deliberation, to the shlokas
graced with good rhythm, thick with alliterations, and
beneficial, and conveying various meanings and full
of sweetness and thought. It is by the beauty of
such sentences that a king's fame is brightened on all
sides. When the energetic Shrī Jonarāja and the
learned Shrīvara saw the Rājatarangiṇī written by the
Brāhmaṇa, Shrī Kahlaṇa, they, in order to immortalise
themselves, composed two beautiful books of kings,
bringing the account down to the year 62. Then the
poet Shrī Prājyabhaṭṭa, adorned with every good
* The name of the author.
† The name of the author's father.

338 KINGS OF KASHMÍRA.
quality and fortunate in having bathed at the shrine
of BhagavatI on the Ganges, composed his Rājāvalipatākā
in the reign of king Phatiha, giving an account down
to the year 89. Then the poet did not write the ac-
counts of kings, owing to the tumults in the kingdom
and on account of the fear of the wicked and the avari-
cious, even as swans do not feed on the moss in the
Mānasa lake for fear of the fowlers. I, Shuka, son of
Buddhyāshraya, am giving an account of kings in this
book form that date. I heard of the admirable deeds
of fame of past kings who enjoyed great prosperity ;
and I write this book not because I felt a desire to
become a poet, but to lighten my mind of the mass of
accounts of by-gone kings of great prosperity about
which I had heard. What a difference there is between
the description of former poets and of my own, I who
am of little sense ! How can a fragment of brass be
taken for gold simply because of its colour ? My
account of kings is like a desert, but let good men
hear and understand my words, and favour me by
showering amṛita in that desert.
King Phatāha was like a sprout of the dynasty of
the great king Jainashāha, and he became the ruler
of the country of Kashmīra. The subjects were happy
in every way during the time that he ruled ; they were
given to pious acts, and were graced with the virtues
of kindness and simplicity. The king was not addicted
to evil habits regarding woman, dice, or wine ; and his

KINGS OF KASHMÍRA. 339
chief minister was Somarājānaka, born of the Lunar
dynasty. The other chief minister was the Mārgesha
Ebhrāhema. He was pious and intelligent, and was
bent on doing good deeds, and was born in the family
which had produced men who attained greatness from
the time of Saropala. The third minister was the Pratī-
hāra Hājyameya of great worth, but he died by the will
of the gods, and the king gave his son Malleka Jyañgira
his ancestral villages and estates, and the usual respects
due to him.
Surely the Brāhmaṇas at this time did not do the
duties of their castes, and Somachandra was the person
to induce them to disregard the performance of their
duties. Merasheṣha, the pupil of Shāhkāsima, was
born in the country of Irāka ; he knew all the sciences,
and became Somachandra's guru without giving him
religious instructions. According to Merasheṣha's ad-
vice, Somachandra arrested men belonging to temples,
confiscated lands of the Brāhmaṇas and gave them to
Merasheṣha's servants, and thus pleased him. Supha
and other followers of Merasheṣha cut down lofty
trees on the pretence that they were required for
burning incense, but really for the object of ob-
taining fuel. The gods then deserted their images,
for otherwise how could men plunder their temples ?
All men became alike through the influence of Kali,
be they of good or of evil habits, be they the learned or
the Bhuṭṭas, or the actors, or the wicked ! Now

340 KINGS OF KASHMÍRA.
Abdālaka and the other sons of the Mārgesha were unable
to bear the honour and the fame which the son of Soma-
chandra attained, and the sight of the gifts which he
gave away. They intrigued against him and alienated
Hosarājāna from the Pratīhāra, slighted their father
who was related by marriage to Somachandra, and
broke down the bridge of Shrī Jainalābhadena which
had towered high as if it were the accumulation of
the virtue of that king. This bridge for crossing the
river was named Jainakadala ; it had stood over the
Vitastā for a long time adorning it, and a vast amount
of Rājāna Somachandra's riches was spent upon it.
It was now burnt at night, together with the houses
at Mallekapura near Vallādhya maṭha, in order to
overpower the enemies. The town and the kadala
presented the appearance of a forest that was burnt ;
and the wicked men in their plunder did not spare
even people's bathing suits. The heat of the fire lasted
for a short time, and so did Somachandra's life. He col-
lected his army and stayed at Jāladramgaḍa. Only one
per cent of the Brāhmaṇa inhabitants had Brāhmaṇa
spirit in them ; and one such Brāhmaṇa chastised the
Rājāna even as one chastises an enemy. Rājāna Soma-
chandra gave up his person as an offering to the fire of
the king's wrath and to the flame of the burning town.
The king gave him a passport to go out of the country
within a few days, and he was on the way destroyed
by the curses of the Brāhmaṇas, even as the moon is

KINGS OF KASHMÍRA. 341

devoured by Rāhu. Malekāla and others, Soma-
chandra's sons, fled in fear from the strife, and the
minister Mārgesha Ebhrāhima performed the last rites
of Somachandra, by the orders of the king, and thus
pleased his own men as well as his enemies. The
illustrious Mārgesha gave the extensive estate of
Siddhādesha to his eldest son Maleka Piruja, and to
Abdālaka he gave the authority over the arsenal, and
he divided the other estates and gave them to his other
sons Malleka Luhara and others. This intriguing
Mārgesha also gave estates to Hosa Rājāna, Jyaṅgera
the Pratīhāra, and to the Ḍāmaras who dwelt outside
the kingdom.
When the minister Somachandra died and his power
became extinct, the indomitable Shirgabhatrīs and the
Vyadāyīs became free from all restraint and began to
prowl about. Man holds half of a rope in order to cross
a river, but adverse fate breaks his rope. It was to
destroy Somachandra that these Ḍāmaras, who had
been living outside the country, were brought in by
the king's orders; and they now rose against the
Mārgesha. The Ḍāmaras, the Pratīhāra and others broke
the bridge of boats and caused the Mārgesha to flee,
and thus drove him out to a foreign country. The
Ḍāmaras named Utsa Malleka, Daulatya, and others
obtained posts in the palace, even like the black-
bees in the forest. Then the Ḍāmara chiefs held
control over all the business in the court, and

the strong became weak and the weak became strong.
The good behaviour of the Shiṅgas did not appear
grateful to the Ḍāmara chiefs, even as the light of
the earth to owls who are fond of darkness; and the
Ḍāmaras threw Ālemera and others, who were the
cause of these troubles, into prison at night out of fear
of them. But in a few days Jyahāṅgera the Pratīhāra,
Hossa Rājānaka, rose against the Ḍāmaras owing to
insults that were offered to them.
Now a person named Gadāyamera struck Gājakhāna
and Mallekadatta, all of a sudden, with a dagger in
their chest, as they were seated in an assembly. When
UtsaMalleka heard of this, he departed from the
presence of the king, and fought with the enemies for
a long time. He was called in by the king and was
honored. Loud lamentation however rose within the
capital on account of the murder of the two persons,
and the citizens wept and blamed the king. The power-
ful warrior Hossa Malleka the Ḍāmara was in Sūryya-
bhoga, heard of the death of his kindreds, but did not
lose his coolness. This great warrior who was irresis-
tible in battle, fell fighting with his enemies and
joined the women of heaven. Then the skilful, the
illustrious Khāna Ebhrāhima, born of the family of
Shāhābhadena, and a relative of Jyahāṅgira the Pratī-
hāra, divided the estates of the kingdom within
five or six days, and distributed them in the pre-
sence of the king among Hosa Rājānaka and others

KINGS OF KASHMÍRA. 343
accordingly as they deserved. He was afraid of
Utsa Mallika, who remained with the king, and he led
him to an inaccessible house of the Khashas and there
confined him. For a month the Ḍāmaras enjoyed
wealth as great as that of the city of the Gandhara-
vas, and then, like low people, they fled from the
country out of fear of the Mārgesha. The account of
the act of enmity against Utsa Malleka reached his
brother Rāvatyadevaka, and he marched out and
surrounded the house of the Khashas. The Khashas
were alarmed, and they released Utsa Mallika from
Gaṅgā maṭha, and the two brothers felt great delight
in helping each other. They however felt anxious
on the approach of the Mārgesha, and oppressed with
the sense of danger, they took shelter of the king,
even as those who are oppressed with the powerful
rays of the sun take shelter of the strong kalpa tree.
Thus were the Rājāna Ḍāmaras destroyed in the
year 89, between the bright fortnight of the month of
Āṣhāḍha and the month of Āshvina.
In autumn, the Mārgesha crossed the frontier and
returned from the outer country. He divided the
estates in Kashmīra and gave something to all. To
his sons he gave the posts of authority in the king-
dom, and for a short time he lived in his native
country like a hermit free from fear. Now in the
year 90, Utsa Malleka and Rājāna Shṛiṅgāra caused
the house of Abdāla Mera to be completely burnt

344 KINGS OF KASHMÍRA.
down, with a view to subdue him. When the Mār-
gesha heard that his son's house had been burnt
and his son captured, he went from Bhāṅgila to
Hinduvāṭa by the Kṣhuyya road. Now when the
Mārgesea had fled, his fierce enemies took Malleka
Abdālaka to the inaccessible house of Ladda the
Khasha. Utsa Malleka and Rājāna Shṛiṅgāra came
to the king, and at Varāhamūla intended to divide
the country of Kashmīra into parts. By the orders of
the king, they brought the men who owned lands in
Siddhā country, who knew how to divide land and
understood the work, and writers, and Kāyasthas
named Budha, Kashmīsha, Saṁkhyesha, and Jugaka,
and by their help divided the whole country into three
divisions. One division was given in writing to Phatā-
haśhāha,* another to Malleka Utsa, and the third to
Rājāna Shṛiṅgāra. The country was now divided
among these three great men, even as it had once been
divided among Huṣhka, Juṣhka, and Kaniṣhka. Then
the Rājarājāna Ḍāmaras came into the city, but they
did not lay aside the deep enmity of their heart,—the
enmity such as exists between a mongoose and a
serpent.
The king gave Utsa Malleka the post of the chief
minister, and to Rājāna Shṛiṅgāra he gave the extensive
estate of Siddhā. When Utsa Malleka, the arbiter of

• The reigning king.

KINGS OF KASHMÍRA. 345
all affairs, took his seat in court, people saw the
meeting of a jackal and a sheep of which they had only
heard before. When the one whose fleece is shorn,
the one who howls, met, the king gave his orders under
a closed cover in order to see how the meeting would
terminate. Then came Ebrāhema Mārgesha, the chief
among the ministers, well dressed, but full of ani-
mosity, and accompanied by Masoda Shāhi. His
army arrived at Varāhamūla, and the king's forces, with
Utsa Malleka at their head, entered Svayyapura, with
the intention to fight. When king Phatāhashāha saw
the two armies stationed one on each bank of the
river, he thus said to Utsa Malleka, the chief minister ;
"This Mārgesha, O! minister, has robbed us of our
Royal Fortune, which is to us even like a wife that
is married, because he thinks us to be cowards."
When Utsa Malleka heard this, he said to the king ;—
"O king, what mischief is not this Mārgesha doing,
finding me friendless and alone? But O! chief
among men, it is but seldom that a man sees a chintā-
maṇi jewel or a flower that grows in heaven, but
one never sees a man to prosper who is consumed
by the prowess of a king. Arise O! king, and fight ;
fortune is under the influence of fate." When the king's
soldiers heard these words they marched out for battle.
The Mārgesha marched along the road with his army
and came to Bhavatuṅga, while Utsa Malleka with his
forces entered Koshanatsa. There the two armies

346 KINGS OF KASHMÍRA.
stayed, but soldiers came out from the main bodies
which were stationed on both banks of the river, as-
cended a hill, posted theinselves between the two
parties, and discharged showers of arrows against each
other. There Shirya son of the Mārgesha fought
with the enemies, and sacrificed his life, as if thereby he
gave a great offering to Padmanāga. When Shirya
Mārgapati fell, the victor Utsa Malleka relaxed his
exertion out of friendship for the deceased. The
great warriors and soldiers of the Mārgesha observed
this relaxation and came up by the Sarvvāshrama
road, and pursued the powerful Utsa Malleka who
was retreating. When Phatāhashāha heard this news
from Svayyapura, he took Rājāna Shṛingāra with him
and went from Sūrapura to Hinduvāṭa. Utsa Malleka
was hemmed in by the pursuing soldiers of the Mār-
gesha at the skrit of the village of Nyovā, even like
a lion hemmed in at the mouth of a cavern.
King Phatāha fled, after having ruled the country
for nine years ; and Mahmadashāha, who was supported
by the Mārgesha, then got possession of the kingdom.
In order to please the Mārgesha he made the
powerful Seha Eskandara his heir-apparent, though this
person had once attempted to murder the king. The
Mārgapati again placed his enemies in prison, and
once more graced his sons with kingly fortune. Utsa
Malleka lay in prison, secure in the idea that the
Mārgesha would not kill him, having bestowed his

KINGS OF KASHMÍRA. 347
daughter on him, and he being thus related to the Mār-
gesha by marriage. But the son of the Mārgesha was
hostile to him, and the powerful Utsa Malleka, whose feet
were tied with an iron chain, was fouly murdered by the
son within five or six days. Like Utsa Malleka,
Bhaṭṭārjuna had fought in the field with the armed
enemies; he was now imprisoned, and was the last of
the rebels. A deep gloom, like that when the moon is
devoured by the powerful Rāhu, spreads even over
the face of the sun when men are engaged in mutual
hostility. The people loudly lamented for Utsa Malleka
as if he were their father. Wicked men walked about
at night and began to infest the country, piercing the
dense darkness with their eyes. In that year the villagers
were doubly unfortunate, the ministers who heard their
petitions were both deaf and dumb !
Mahammada reigned for nine months and nine days.
Once he went out of the capital, when Phatihashāha,
on receiving encouragement, came in. The king
bestowed the post of the minister on the Pratīhāra
Jyahāṅgīra, and he gave the great estate of the Siddhā
country to Rājāna Shṛiṅgāra. He had become king
by his own efforts, and he gave Kācha Chakra the
authority over the arsenal of his own will. Kācha-
Chakra was strong, and his prowess was like the rays
of the sun. Surely Kācha Malleka was an incarnation
of Indra and of Vishṇu, since throughout his life he
was graced with kingly fortune. The heroic Kañchana

348 KINGS OF KASHMÍRA.
was born of Hosana Chakra who was the cause of the
battle in Kramarājya, even as Rāma was born of
Dasharatha.
The king's mind was turned to virtuous deeds owing
to return of virtue in the people, or perhaps because
the king knew that he was to remain in the kingdom
for a short time only. He kept his actions under control
as if he were a servant. He prohibited the execution
of the inscriptions on copper plates. He ordered the
bones of the Hindus who had been dead to be collected
and taken to the Ganges, so that the outrages of the
mlechchhas on them might be prevented. The people
had deposited the bones in the Ganges and were
returning when they were suddenly overtaken by storm
and rain on the way, and they perished to the number of
ten thousand. But I think that the river Ganges was
oppressed with hunger, and as it was after a long time
that she had devoured bones, she surely devoured the
the men also who had carried the bones. Those who
had recourse to their legs escaped with but little of their
life left in them ; they reached home, but perished
through the influence of fate.
In the autumn of the year 91 the Mārgapati again
came from Vāngila accompanied by Mahmadashāhi.
Phatāhashāha with his army stationed himself at the
village of Vāngila, and his troops marched out to fight
with the powerful enemy. The virtuous son of the
Mārgesha was the leader of the army, and while fighting

KINGS OF KASHMÍRA. 349
hotly with the enemy in the field, he joined the company
of the women of heaven, (died). There exists in this
world only one part of virtue, out of four, in the Kali
yuga, but the son of the Mārgesha had made that virtue
four legged in the shape of the great towers of the masoda.
Surely Kārkoṭanāga had devoured the Mārgapati in anger
so that the Nāga might go from and return to Karkoṭa
hill every year without any obstruction. The plans of
Abdāla Malleka, Luhara, and other sons of the Mārgapati
were discovered by the king, and they fled to different
countries. As by chance the hand comes across a hole
in a cloth, and that which was torn but half a cubit before
is enlarged, even so misfortunes come upon sinful people.
An epidemic which was as it were the wife of Death
broke out on all sides, and it caused sickness, tumults,
and destruction of men. The number of the dead could
not be counted either in villages or in the capital. Men
could hardly get a piece of torn cloth at their last moment.
Friends did not weep for friends, what of sorrowing
for others ? Anxious for themselves, some managed to
save their lives, for as yet they were destined to live.
Now when the epidemic disappeared from the country,
through the influence of fate, men heard the news of
Mahmadashāha's arrival into Kashmīra. Mahmadashāha
set out from Noushāhāra accompanied by Luhara,
and obtained a large force from Eskandara, lord
of Gaja. He wished to take possession of Kash-
mīra, and he came bringing with him the sons of the
30

350 KINGS OF KASHMÍRA.
Mārgesha, and reached the country of Rājapurī.—All
this the king heard from his spy, and though he was
alarmed at this bad news, his former enemies and all the
ministers wished for the arrival of Mahmadashāha.
Kācha Chakresha and Rājāna Shṛiṅgāra went to Sūrapura
with their troops in order to wait the arrival of the new
king. The fate of the reigning sovereign began to waver,
and his servant Ālemera took refuge with the enemy.
This man was of Shāhibhaṅga country, a foreigner, and
had no one to help him, in consideration of these cir-
cumstances the king had prospered him, even as his son,
by giving him villages, gold, and other gifts. Phatāha-
shāha set out from the capital in order to give battle,
supported by only one minister, the Pratīhāra Jyahāṅ-
gira. When the army of Phatihashāha was encamped
at Kroshāṇaka, the keen sighted soldiers understood
the hostile movements of the enemies, and they went
to meet them at Sūrapura and there to fight with them ;
but they found there the bed of heroes, (died). Phatāha-
shāha fell from his horse while watching the battle, but
he was protected by the ministers, for he was a king,
and out of love which they had previously borne towards
him. Thus in the month of Āshvina, in the year 92,
the king was deprived of his kingdom after having
reigned in it for one year and one month. Phatihashāha
was then driven by the ministers to the outer country of
Lohara across hills of Chaṭikāshāra.
The fortunate Mahmadashāha being victorious felt

KINGS OF KASHMÍRA. 351
greatly elated, and re-entered Kashmīra with the army
of the lord of Gaja. As the powerful elephants, the
gifts of the lord of Gaja, ascended the mountains on
the way, they appeared as moving hills to the soldiers.
The people's cry of victory for the king was redoubled
by the neighing of horses, the grunting of elephants,
by the noise caused by the flapping of the elephants'
ears, and by the sound of drums. Victory be to the great
and the wise king, who is like Balarāma renowned for
the strength of his arm, the beautiful, the merciful, and
graceful as the letters of his name. Glorious on account
of his powers, prosperous among his countrymen, poss-
essor of extensive territory, his countenance is like
the sun, and who by the administration of justice
raised the people of Kashmīra, who had before been
oppressed by injustice. Let victory always attend Mereja
Haidhara Mahammada, who, like Nausharavana, is wise
in speech, and who was born on earth to perpetuate the
works of former kings which had for a long time lain in
a delapidated condition at Satīsara.
The king imprisoned Rājāna Shṛiṅgāra, and thought
of turning out Abdāla Mārgapati from his post of
minister. The powerful Chakresha Kāñchana accepted
the post of the chief minister, by his orders, though
Ālemera and others had asked the king for it. Having
appointed ministers for the administration of the king-
dom the king felt himself free. He divided the people
who lived in forest into different sections, and went out

352 KINGS OF KĀSHMÍRA.
of the country. Now Luhara Mārgapati and Rājāna
Nosaka, bent on hostile purpose, collected an army and
entered Nāgrāmakoṭa. The whole country trembled at
this bad news because the king was absent from the king-
dom, men suffered from cold in winter, and the ministers
were not known to the people. Not knowing what
to do, Chakresha soon brought to his help the great
warrior Malleka Jyaṅgira who was honored by a public
proclamation. The powerful Luhara and Nosaka re-
mained at Nāgrāmakoṭa for a month, and then went
one morning in anger to the city of their enemies in
order to fight with them. The soldiers of Kācha
Chakresha also marched towards their foes, and they
fought with one another at Jāladraṃgaḍa. Luhara
Mārgapati retired after fighting, but Rājāna Nosaka
sacrificed his life in the battle, and enjoyed the
company of the women of heaven. Nājoka Mārgapati
and others cut off Kācha Chakresha’s fingers, but they
perished like insects in the fire. The great warrior
Devarāvatra was retiring from the field when he was
killed by Chakra’s soldiers on the banks of the Mārī
river. Kācha Chakra survived this battle ; he was like
Karṇa and Arjuna, and all the people knew him as the
saviour of the country. This great hero, this minister
Kāñchana Chakra, whose fingers were cut off in that
battle, looked as beautiful as if he were made of
gold.
Now the king satisfied the other kings [who had

helped him to conquer Kashmīra], by gifts and honors,
took leave from them, returned to his kingdom, and
governed it well. Within a year the Malleka Ladda-
bhaṭṭa and other powerful men were thrown into prison
by the minister Chakresha ; and when the king had
been thoroughly brought under control, Kāka Chakra
was pleased with Malleka Jyaṅgira and gave his in-
telligent son Khāna Ebrāhima the possession of the
Siddhā country. This was done in the month of
Shrāvaṇa, in the year 94.
Now in times gone by Shiryya a twice-born had
planted * * as it were the creeper of his karma. On
the approach of winter * * it was watered by the good
Brāhmaṇa Shrī Nirmmalakaṇṭha. Then at the time of
the mlechchha oppression, Kaṇṭhabhaṭṭa and others
held a council and was able to avert the disgrace
which such oppression begat. Khujjāmerāhmada, on
the other hand, by devoting his life to the service of
Kācha Chakra and by giving him wealth, induced him,
who was alarmed at the work of Nirmmalakaṇṭha and
others, to give him permission to act against them ;
and actuated by the mlechchhas, caused them to be
murdered. * * O ! Brāhmaṇas where in this Kali
yuga are your Brāhmaṇical spirit and practice ? It was
for want of these that the sorrowful and the affrighted
Nirmmalakaṇṭha and others were killed. The oppression

* There is a blank here in the text

354 KINGS OF KASHMÍRA.
of the Mausulas which began in the time of the Saidas
was made prominent by Somachandra, and was per-
fected by Kāka Chakra.
' Now in the month of Shrāvaṇa, in the year 95, the
great king Phatāhashāha, the moon among sovereigns,
died in a country outside Kashmīra. Mahmadashāha did
not take his meal on the day in which he heard of this
event, nor did he sleep, or bathe, but spent his time in
thinking of that king. Where could be found a king
like him experienced, truthful, patient, a great politi-
cian, a lover of men of worth, and one who loved his
servants ? The king was born in a country outside
Kashmīra, and he died there. The work of fate is
extraordinary ! The corpse was then placed in a litter
and was brought here within a few days, by his ser-
vants and chiefs, in order to give it its last funeral rites.
The king, attended by his ministers, placed the de-
ceased sovereign in the ample burial ground of king
Shrī Jainashāha and others, where the crystal grave-stones
lay like images ; and performed the rites befitting a king,
and laid the body under the ground. What exertions
does not a king make in order to preserve his kingdom ;
and to root out from it men of violent temper, powerful
persons, and wicked servants ; and to support his own
ministers ? But alas ! when fate forsakes him, he is over-
whelmed by a tempest of misfortune, and is overthrown ;
and like a tree he is tossed about, and he falls. Or
why did this king kill his own ministers Saiphadāmara

KINGS OF KASHMÍRA. 355
and others, and die surrounded with difficulties? Alas!
Alas! the vissisitudes of time!
This is the account of Phatāhashāha's going to
heaven.
Then came the noble minded Rājāna Shṛingāra, and
as if out of affection for the king who had gone to
heaven, he followed him. Eskandhara the king of the
country outside Kashmīra, the lord of Gaja, also went
to heaven about this time in order to see Indra. On the
death of Phatāhashāha, Chakra Nāyaka became afraid of
Malleka Jyaṅgira, Mera Khujyāhmada, and others; of
Ebrāhema Khāna, Shṛiṅgārabhaṭṭa, and others, who were
of the party of the late king; they were in the capital;
and in the month of Vaishākha, in the year 96, Chakra
Nāyaka caused them to be arrested. Chakrapati gave
Siddhā and other districts to the noble minded Rājāna
Hosana, the favoured of fate; these estates had be-
longed to the persons who were imprisoned. Unable
however to brook the prosperity of Hosa Rājānaka,
Chakresha, the chief among the intriguers, threw him into
prison within three months, and became free from fear.
He pleased his friends Malleka Chakra, Seraṅga, Tāje-
mera, and others, and fully gratified them by publishing
a proclamation of their dignity in the kingdom.
In the year 97, in the month of Jaishṭha, Malleka
Abdālaka and other sons of the Mārgesha joined the
people of the country, they took Eskandara Khāna the
son of Phatihashāha with them, and came with an army

356 KINGS OF KASHMÍRA.
from country outside Kashmīra. They desired the pros-
perity of the family to which they belonged. But when
the powerful Chakresha Kâcha heard of their arrival, he
took the king with him and went to Laulapuroḍḍāra,
with the view to fight with the Mārgapatis. The ene-
mies had a small force with them, and when they saw
the large army of Chakra, they fled in fear of their lives
at the close of the night to the fort of Nāgrāma which
was difficult of access. The army of Chakresha followed
the Mārgapatis. Chakresha stationed many soldiers on
the grounds attached to the fort, and warriors from
both the armies came out and shouted in the field of
battle, and covered the earth and sky with the dis-
charge of their arrows. At this time Jyahāngera
Pratīhāra entered Luhara with his army, and accom-
panied by Gadāyamera and Vahadoramera. When
Chakrapati saw the enemy's troops together, and both
above and below him, he sent his son Masoḍa Chakra
against Luhara. This heroic Mīr Masoda, accompanied
by Tāja Chakra, arrived at the town of Shāhābhadena,
with the intention to fight with the enemies. When
he came in sight, the soldiers of the other side wel-
comed him to the field of battle, and they fought with
him. The hero Mīra Gadāya avoided the arrows
discharged by Masòdamera, which were like the banners
of his kingly fortune ; and when the son of Chakra fought
like the son of Arjunna there was no bowman among the
enemies who could stand firmly on his ground. One named