अमर शहीद अशफ़ाक़उल्ला ख़ाँ: व्यक्तित्व और कृतित्व (काकोरी के अमर शहीद का जीवन व रचनाएँ)

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Horton arrived at Delhi from Lucknow the accused expressed his
fears that the United Provinces C. I. D. might obtain the photo-
graph and show it to the witnesses who were to identify him. He was
[O. P. 65.] re-assured on the point and the evidence of the Deputy Superinten-
dent and other witnesses proves clearly that every possible pre-
caution was taken in regard to this photograph and that it was
kept in a sealed cover at Delhi until the 30th October, 1926.
When Ashfaqullah was first taken before the Magistrate he
again gave his name as Abid Raza but when it was pointed out to
him that it was no use keeping up the pretence any longer as the
papers found showed that his name was Ashfaqullah he admitted
that it was.
51. Among the papers found in the trunk was Ex. P A. 35, a
[Manifesto of the Communist Party of India (Ex. P. A 35).] pamphlet which has been proscribed by the
Bengal and Central Provinces Governments,
entitled, 'Manifesto of the Communist Party
of India'. It purports to have been published
'at the office of the Bengal Peasants' and Workers' Party for and
on behalf of the Communist Party of India'. It is a six page printed
pamphlet, with a sub-head 'Hindu-Muslim problem'. It is dated
15th May 1926. It was apparently given to Ashfaqullah as there
is written at the top of the first page. 'A present from one whom
you saw in Delhi'. The key-note of the manifesto is that the
'Freedom Movement will only succeed behind an Economic Pro-
gramme, and that propaganda against the Government directed on
religious lines is unsafe and impracticable. The author comments on
the failure of previous anti-Government movements which were
based either on sentiment or on religious prejudice, e. g. the non-
co-operation and Khilafat movements. The following extracts
are of interest.—
"Our Hindu countrymen joined the Khilafat movement and
noticed the courage and determination of the Musalmans in
redressing the Khilafat. They were made to believe and bullied
[O. P. 66.] to a certain extent that by similarly exploiting the fanaticism
of the Hindus they would be able to rouse their consciousness.
They were joined by the reactionary element of the com-
munity and started Shuddi, Sangathan and Mahasabha which
led the Musalmans to start Tabligh and Tansim as a counter
move. The present debacle was a foregone conclusion of such an ill-
started movement."
"The root cause of all these troubles accuring in the country
after the immediate collapse of the movement is that religion was
allowed to play the chief part in the movement. It may be com-
paratively easy to fire politically backward people with religious
fanaticism; but it is impossible, even dangerous, to base a political
movement on such unreliable ground. The recent occurrences